【作者】 王傅强；

【导师】 陈晓红；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 物联网作为战略性新兴产业,在未来十年内乃至更长时间内必将成为推动全球经济发展的重要力量,人类生活的面貌也将由此开启崭新的一页。作为一项重要的物联网技术,本文以射频识别技术为例对基于物联网技术的供应链新型管理模式、具体环节中的应用价值和影响我国企业采纳射频识别技术的影响因素进行了全面、系统的研究。在对已有物联网技术在农产品供应链、零售业供应链和制造业供应链中的应用实例进行分析的基础上,对基于物联网的农产品供应链、零售业供应链和制造业供应链新型管理模式进行了系统性总结。物联网技术通过增进原材料、半成品和产成品在供应链条上信息流动的透明性,为增进供应链成员之间的合作,实现供应链管理的自动化和智能化,加强质量控制等都创造了非常必要的条件。对基于物联网技术的供应链新型管理模式进行了设计,给出了基于物联网技术的供应链新型管理模式设计的设计原则和设计思路,对基于物联网技术的供应链新型管理模式的功能变革和管理变革进行了分析。与传统供应链管理模式比较,物联网技术的采用为供应链实现了增加供应链的透明度和可视性,消除供应链上的不确定性和提高供应链的智能化水平等新的功能,与之相对应,供应链管理模式其在管理职能和管理环节上都相应发生变革。基于空间和时间的视角,转向基于物联网技术的供应链新型管理模式的路径分布包括纵向一体化路径和横向一体化路径及渐进式路径和跨越式路径。构建了一个考虑替代产品的存货不准确性模型。该模型的主要创新点是在已有存货不准确性研究忽视替代产品的情况下,将替代产品因素与存货不准确性对零售商的利润影响综合考虑进来,从而获得了在存在替代产品情况下存货不准确下对零售商利润影响的新特性,以及对射频识别技术在改进存货不准确性过程中的应用价值的更加准确的估计。改进了一个存在逆向供应链的制造商模型。在原有模型中,作者没有考虑建立可销售回收产品池对射频识别技术价值评估的影响,而这是消除逆向渠道上的不确定性的一种更为简单而直接的方式,避免了采用信息系统的复杂性。本文通过建立模型考虑进来这一因素,给出了在建立可销售回收产品池及采用射频识别技术两种方法下,其各自具有优势的约束条件及其随参数变化的情况,从而为制造商制定相关决策提供了参考。构建了一个由技术、组织、制度与外部环境三方面因素组成的我国供应链企业射频识别技术采纳的影响因素模型,从而弥补了已有对信息技术采纳的影响因素研究中专门针对RFID的研究还很少,特别是针对中国这样一个处于产业结构转型中的国家,企业采纳RFID来提高生产率的积极性如何,受哪些因素影响的研究还没有的不足,丰富了已有理论和文献。对影响我国供应链企业采纳射频识别技术的关键因素展开实证研究。实证研究发现,我国目前企业RFID技术的应用水平还很低。有用性认知、易用性认知、强制性压力、相互信任和客户对隐私的关注都对企业采纳RFID的行为意向产生了显著影响,同时易用性认知和高级管理层的支持还通过有用性认知对行为意向产生了间接影响,然而,高级管理层的支持、信息系统基础设施、正规化压力和模仿竞争力对企业采纳RFID技术的行为意向影响不显著。针对中国的实际情况,在综合以上理论和模型研究的基础上,本文最后提出了充分认识射频识别技术可以为企业带来的巨大价值,不断挖掘射频识别技术应用新模式,扩大射频识别技术的应用范围；增进企业之间的互信,消除合作伙伴对采纳RFID的担忧和抵制情绪,使该技术在其合作企业中的采纳更为顺利；以及政府加紧研究制定RFID的技术标准和安全性标准,消除人们对RFID技术可能泄露隐私的担心,从宏观环境上促进射频识别技术在我国企业中的应用和推广的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the strategic emerging industries, the Internet of Things will certainly become an important force to promote global economic development in the next decade or in an even longer period. As a result, the face of human life will thus open a new page. As an important technology of Internet of Things, we take the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) as an example to conduct a comprehensive, systematic study, which aim to explore the new supply chains management model based on the Internet of Things, as well as the value of RFID in specific links of the supply chain and the impact factors of the adoption of RFID.On the basis of analyzing the existing instance of implementing Internet of Things in the agricultural, retail and manufacturing supply chains, we systematically summarize the new supply chain management model of the agricultural, retail and manufacturing supply chains based on the Internet of Things respectively. It implies that the Internet of Things helps to create a much needed conditions for enhancing the transparency of the information flow of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products along the supply chains, promoting the cooperation between the members of the supply chain, achieving the automotive and intelligent supply chain management, and strengthening the quality control in the supply chain.We design the new supply chain management model based on the Internet of Things. The principle and ideas of the design of a new supply chain management model based on Internet of Things are given. Moreover, we analyze the functional and management changes of the new supply chain management model based on the Internet of Things. Compared with the traditional supply chain management model, the adoption of the Internet of Things brings three aspects functions below to the supply chain:improve the transparency and visibility, eliminating the uncertainty and improve the intelligence level of the supply chain. Correspondingly, the supply chain management mode changes in the management functions and management links. From the pespectives of space and time, the paths of turning to the new supply chain management model based on the Internet of Things include the vertical integration and horizontal integration path, and the progressive path and leapfrog path respectively.We build an inventory inaccuracy model which combines product substitution. Because most of the previous models ignore the existence of substituted product, by taking into account of the product substitution in the inventory inaccuracy model, we obtain a series of new features of the impact of inventory inaccuracy on the retailer’s profits under the product substitution condition. Moreover, we also get a more accurate estimation of the value of RFID in improving the retailer’s inventory accuracy.We also establish an improved manufacturer model with reverse supply chain. In the original model, the authors did not consider the impact of the establishment of a salable recycled product pool on the valuation of RFID, which is a more simple and direct way to eliminate the uncertainty on the reverse channel and avoids the complexity of implementing information systems. We establish a model to take into account this factor, and get the constraints under which the establishment of salable recycled product pool or implementing RFID will present an advantage respectively. We also get the variations of constrains with the parameters. Thus the model can provide important references for the manufacturers to develop related decision-making.We establish an impact model of adopting RFID in Chinese enterprises which combines the technological, organizational, and institutional and external environmental factors. Because the researches specializing on the impact factors of adopting RFID in enterprises is relatively few, and especially for China, a country in industrial restructuring, there is a lack of researches on how about the enthusiasms of adopting RFID to improve productivity in Chinese enterprises and related impact factors, our research provide insights in this area and enrich the existing theories and literatures.Based on the theoretical impact factors model we established, we develop an empirical research on the key factors to affect the adoption of RFID in Chinese enterprises. The results of the empirical research show that the proportion of Chinese enterprises adopting RFID technology is very low. The perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, coercive pressure, mutual trust between partners and customers’privacy concerns have a significant impact on the intentions of Chinese enterprises to adopt RFID. Furthermore, perceived ease of use and senior management support have intermediary effects on their adoption decisions through the factor of perceived usefulness. However, senior management support, information systems infrastructure, normative pressure, and mimetic pressure are not significantly associated with the intentions of Chinese enterprises adopting RFID technology.Based on the China’s actual conditions, and the above theoretical and modeling researches, the paper concludes with a series of policy recommendations which include:fully aware of the tremendous value of RFID can bring to the enterprises, continue to explore the new mode of RFID implementation, to expand the application range of RFID; to enhance the mutual trust between enterprises, and eliminate the concerns of the partners on the adoption of RFID and the resistance emotions to make the adoption of RFID in its joint venture more smoothly; and the Government to intensify researches on RFID technology standards and safety standards to eliminate the people’s privacy concerns on RFID, and to promote the application of RFID in Chinese enterprises from the macro environment.更多还原