【作者】 刘学平；

【导师】 李建华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 伦理学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 为了改进政府效率,企业家政府理论主张在政府管理中引入企业家精神,改革政府的运行方式,建立起具有企业家精神的政府。企业家政府理论提出的改革主张,改变了传统理论对政府的认识,构建了政府与社会、政府与公民之间的新型的关系结构,具有丰富的伦理内涵。企业家政府理论的理念与方法中,分权理念所主张的吸收私人部门参与公共服务的生产与供给,在构建了政府与公民、政府与社会和政府内部之间的新型的伦理关系和秩序的同时,也存在着公共利益实现、公共服务公平性等方面的伦理问题,最终可能导致政府合法性的丧失。顾客导向理念体现了企业家政府理论重视公众需求、尊重公众权利等方面的积极伦理意义,但带来了在确认公民主体地位的同时降低了公民在公共生活中的地位、片面看待政府与公众之间的关系和难以保证公共服务公平性、难以保证公共利益、难以落实公务员的伦理责任等价值偏差和伦理困境。引入企业管理方法体现了对公众具体的利益和价值的尊重,具有积极的伦理意义；但也可能会导致政府丧失公共性,忽略对公平正义价值的追求。企业家政府理论核心价值取向,既是对传统行政理论的效率价值追求的承袭,但也进行了改进。其所追求的“三E"价值,在重视投入的产出结果的同时更加关注行政活动的质量,强调了政府对公民与社会的直接回应,更加重视公民的需求。但仍然存在着忽视公共利益等伦理不足的问题。企业家政府理论的观点展现了其理论的理性特质。掌舵而不是划桨、充分授权等观点的理性基础是“有限理性”,这种特质使企业家政府理论重视公众与社会组织的价值,型塑了政府与公众之间的全新伦理关系。其管理理念与方法的立足点是公共服务参与者的自利动机,具有经济人理性特质,在建构合理动力机制的同时,也带来政府公共精神丧失等伦理风险。以效率作为核心价值取向体现了其理论的工具理性特质,在提升政府效率的同时弱化了公共行政的合法性根基。公共性是政府的固有秉性,包括也了政府利益取向的公益性、政府运行的公开性和利益分配的公正性三个方面。企业家政府理论回避了对公共利益的讨论,但其核心价值追求和管理理念与方法可能会造成对公共利益实现的消极影响；公民和社区甚至是私人部门参与公共产品与服务的生产与供给,在强调了公开性的同时也会带来平等性与公益性丧失；基于自利的经济人假设的企业化运行机制也可能带来公正性丧失的伦理风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve governmental efficiency, the theory of entrepreneurial government advocated introducing entrepreneurship into government management and reforming the operation mode of government, so as to establish an entrepreneurial government. The reform put forward by entrepreneurial government has rich ethical connotations; it has changed the traditional theoretical understanding of the government, built new relationships between government and society, government and citizen.In the concepts and methods of entrepreneurial government theory, the idea of decentralization claims that government should absorb private sectors participate in public service production and supply. In the time of building new ethic relations and orders between government and citizen, government and society and the relationships inside government, there also have some ethical issues about the realization of public interest and the justification of public service. It may at last lead to the legal crisis of government. The idea of customer orientation reflects the positive ethical significance of entrepreneurial government attaches great importance to the public demand and respects the public, but it did bring value deviation and ethical dilemmas, such as in the same time of comfiming the principle status of citizens, it also lowering citizens’ status in public life; looking at the relationship between government and citizen only from one side; ethical responsibility of civil servants is difficult to implement. The introduction of business management has great ethical meaning and embodies the respect to citizens’concrete benefits and value; nonetheless, it may also cause the loss of government publicity and neglect the value of fairness and justice.The core value orientation of entrepreneurial government theory is not only an inheritance of the traditional administrative theory in efficiency value pursuit, but also have made some improvement and pursuing the value of "three-E", it highlights the directly responses from government to society, government to citizen; pays more attention to the demands of citizens, yet it still exists ethical problems like ignoring public interests.The viewpoints of entrepreneurial government theory have given expression to the characteristic of rationality. Steering instead of rowing and full authorization, such features are based on "limited rationality". This makes entrepreneurial government theory attaching great importance to the public and the value of social organization, shaping a new ethical relation between the government and the public. The standpoint of management idea and method is the self-interest motive of participants in the public service which has a feature of rational economic-man. In constructing a reasonable incentive mechanism, at the same time, it brings ethical risks such as the loss of government public spirit. Take efficiency as the key value orientation, it has reflect the characteristic of instrumental rationality. And in the time of raising government efficiency, it also weakens the legitimacy foundation of public administration.Publicity is inherent disposition of government, it includes three aspects:the public welfare of government interest orientation, the openness of the running pattern of government and the fairness of benefit distribution. The theory of entrepreneurial government has avoided the discussion of the public interest, but its core value pursuit and the management idea and method may lead to a negative effect of the realization of public interest; Citizens, communities and even the private sectors has participate in the production and supply of public products and services, at the meantime of emphasizing the openness, it leads to a loss of equality and public welfare; enterprise operation mechanism based on self-interest economic man supposition can also bring ethical crisis of impartiality loss.更多还原