【作者】 张桂蓉；

【导师】 章辉美；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 经过多年的发展,企业社会责任在理论研究与实践运动方面都取得了相当的成果。与企业在员工责任、环境责任、消费者责任和慈善责任等方面的研究成果相比,企业的社区责任研究还值得深入探讨。因此,本文的核心问题是发现企业社区参与行为的规律；基于中国企业不同于西方的社区发展路径,从企业与社区两个角度探讨企业社区参与的基本内容,分析企业与社区关系对企业社区参与的影响,提出企业社区参与的互惠共生模式。通过文献综述法、案例研究法、问卷调查法等具体研究方法,运用SPSS17.0、AMOS17.0数据统计软件对调查结果进行统计描述、聚类分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、方差分析、相关分析和结构方程模型检验,本文得出的研究结论如下：1.基于企业公民理论和利益相关者理论,结合社区发展指标和IS026000社会责任国际评估标准中的企业社区参与与社区发展评估指标,借鉴国内外已有文献中企业社区参与相关研究成果和我国企业参与社区建设的实践；面向35个社区居委会工作人员、政府官员、企业管理人员和员工的深度访谈,设定企业社区参与构念的测量模型。经过专家讨论、包括120家企业的预测试和312家企业的大样本问卷调查,对数据进行结构方程模型分析,检验量表的信度和效度,最后得出的企业社区参与测量模型包含就业创造、环境保护和公益活动3个潜在变量。其中就业创造包括在同等条件下优先雇佣当地社区居民,为社区残疾人提供就业帮助,投资决策为社区创造了就业机会,为失业者提供就业培训4个观察变量；环境保护包括在运营过程中遵守环境保护的法规,及时修复企业生产对环保造成的损害,抵制合作伙伴破坏环境的行为,实施了重要的环保项目和节能项目4个观察变量；公益活动包括投资社区公益慈善项目,鼓励和支持员工参与社区志愿者活动,积极捐资改造社区健身休闲等公共服务设施,积极捐赠慈善基金用于受灾社区的重建,资助未成年人进入正规教育,合作技术开发以支持当地高等教育事业,参与社区文化建设和帮助保护文化遗产,积极设立助学金帮助社区贫困学生等8个观察变量。2.把企业与社区关系对企业社区参与的影响置于利益相关者理论、组织社会学新制度主义理论和嵌入性理论整合的框架内,分析企业与社区关系影响企业社区参与的机制。实证研究结果显示：基于理性的企业与社区的利益关联度和基于情感的企业社区嵌入度对企业社区参与均有正向影响,企业嵌入社区的程度对企业社区参与影响显著,且对企业社区参与在就业创造维度上的影响最大,公益活动次之,环境保护最小；企业与社区的利益关联度对企业社区参与的影响不显著,但企业的社区利益关联度对企业社区参与在三个维度上的影响显著,对企业社区参与在环境保护维度上的影响最大,公益活动次之,就业创造最小。企业社区参与的动机和社区资源动员力在企业与社区关系影响企业社区参与的过程中有显著中介作用；政府回应、执法环境、非政府组织发育在企业与社区关系影响企业社区参与的过程中有显著调节作用；规模和行业属性不同的企业在社区参与程度上存在显著差异。3.基于共生理论,结合案例研究和实证研究结果,提出实现企业可持续发展的企业社区参与互惠共生模式。尽管企业与社区的利益关联度对企业社区参与的影响并不显著,但是它与企业的社区嵌入度一样都对企业社区参与有正向影响,结合案例研究中企业与社区关系对于企业社区参与的影响分析,提出企业与社区关系的四种类型：高社区嵌入度高利益关联度；高社区嵌入度低利益关联度；低社区嵌入度高利益关联度；低社区嵌入度低利益关联度。把企业参与社区的利益动机和共同体动机引入企业与社区关系的类型,本文认为可以把企业社区参与行为归纳为四种模式：公益模式、义务模式、投资模式和互惠共生模式。企业与社区的良性互动可以实现企业与社区的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of theory and practice of CSR has been experienced for decades and have great achievements. Compared to the research of effect result of CSR in the field of employee, consumer and environment, the research to corporate community responsibility are still considered embryonic. The core goal of this paper is on the regular pattern of corporate community involvement. On account of Chinese community construction background and community development path different from developed countries, the thesis explores the basic content of corporate community involvement, analyzes the mechanism of relationships between enterprise and community affecting corporate community involvement, and proposes the mutually beneficial mode of corporate community involvement.This thesis adopts the method of literature review, case studies, surveys, and other specific research methods, applying statistical softwares SPSS17.0, AMOS17.0to the survey findings to generate the statistical description, cluster analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of variance, correlation analysis and structural equation model testing, developing the corporate community involvement scale in the Chinese context, and deducing the mechanism of community relations of enterprise affecting corporate community involvement, and the main results are as follows:First, based on corporate citizenship theory and stakeholder theory,by comprehensively integrating the index of corporate community involvement and community development assessment index of ISO26000, and research on corporate community involvement in the existing foreign documents, based on in-depth interviews of thirty-five community resident committee main staffs, enterprise managers, and government officials, the thesis gives a detailed analysis of basic situations of the enterprise participation in community construction and the expectations of community residents for corporate community involvement, establishes the measurement model of corporate community involvement. After experts interview, a pre-testing for120enterprises and a large sample questionnaire survey of312enterprises, the measurement model is confirmed through structural equation modeling analysis and reliability test and validity test of scale, obtaining the measurement model of corporate community involvement including employment creation, environmental protection and public welfare activities with3potential variables and16observed variables. Employment creation with4observed variables includes giving hiring priority to the local community residents under the same conditions, providing employment assistance for the community persons with disabilities, the investment decisions to create jobs for the community, and providing employment training for the unemployed; Environmental protection with4observed variables includes compliance with the environmental protection laws and regulations in the operation process, timely repairing the damage to the environmental protection caused by the enterprise production, resisting partners’ behavior of environmental destruction, implementation of important environmental protection projects and energy efficiency projects; public welfare activities with8observed variables includes contributions to the investment in charity projects of the community, encouraging and supporting the staff to participate in community voluntary activities, actively donating to transform the community fitness and recreation facilities and the public service facilities, actively donating to charity fund used for the reconstruction of the disaster-affected communities, funding minors to receive formal education, donate local higher education by cooperation of technological development, participation in community cultural construction and helping the protection of cultural heritage, and actively setting up grants to help poor students in community.Second, by placing the impact of relationships between enterprise and community on corporate community involvement within the integrated framework of stakeholder theory, symbiosis theory, organizational sociology new institutionalism theory and embed-ability theory, the thesis analyzes the mechanism of relations between enterprise and community affecting corporate community involvement. The empirical results indicate that:both the ration-based enterprise community interests associated degree and the emotion-based enterprise community embedding degree have a positive impact on the corporate community involvement, and the degree of the enterprise embedded in the community significantly affects the corporate community involvement, and among the impact on the corporate community involvement of the degree of the enterprise embedded in the community, employment creation occupies first place, public welfare activity comes second, environmental protection comes third; enterprise community interests associated degree do not significantly affect the corporate community involvement, but three dimensions of corporate community involvement, and among the impact on corporate community involvement of enterprise community interests associated degree, environmental protection occupies first place, public welfare activity comes second, employment creation comes third; the motivation of corporate community involvement and the community resources mobilization ability play a significant intermediary role in the process of relations between enterprise and community affecting enterprise community participation; the government’s response, the law enforcement environment, the development of non-governmental organizations play a significant regulatory role in the process of enterprise and community relations affecting enterprise community participation; there is a significant difference for enterprises with different sizes and industrial properties in the degree of community participation, there is not a significant difference for enterprises with different system of ownership in the degree of community participation.Third, based on symbiosis theory, by combining case studies and empirical research results, the thesis proposes types of relations between enterprise and community and the modes of corporate community involvement. Although the impact of the interests associated degree between enterprise and community on corporate community involvement was not significant, as the same as enterprise community embedding degree, it has a positive influence on enterprise community participation, combined with the case studies analysis of enterprise and community relations’ impact on the corporate community involvement, the thesis proposes four types of relations between enterprise and community:high community embedding degree high interests associated degree; high community embedding degree low interests associated degree; low community embedding degree high interests associated degree; low community embedding degree low interests associated degree. The different relations between enterprise and community lead to the different levels of corporate community involvement. After introducing the profit motivation and the community motivation of corporate community involvement into the types of relations between enterprise and community, the thesis argues that the corporate community involvement behavior can be divided into four modes:public welfare mode, obligation mode, investment mode, and mutualistic symbiosis mode. Enterprise interact with the community favorably for sustainable development.更多还原