【作者】 熊书敏；

【导师】 王李管；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 采矿工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 进入21世纪,快速发展的计算机技术、自动控制技术、网络与通讯技术、空间信息技术为古老的采矿业注入了新的活力,采矿业正在向着数字化、智能化甚至无人采矿的方向发展。自从上世纪末提出“数字矿山”的概念以来,其定义、内涵和框架不断得到扩展和延伸。地下矿生产可视化管控系统是地下矿数字矿山建设的重要组成部分,是矿山平行系统、数字矿山、感知矿山的支撑软件。我国地下矿山的信息化建设在取得很大成绩的同时逐渐暴露出一些问题,通过构建管控系统提高地下矿的信息化水平具有重要的现实意义。地下矿生产可视化管控系统建立于3DGIS技术、虚拟现实与动画技术、三维建模与可视化技术之上,涉及矿山众多业务和各种生产系统,系统复杂,功能繁多,其功能还会随着数字矿山建设的进程而不断扩展。本文从当前矿山信息化建设的现状和需求出发,以建立一个平台性的地下矿生产可视化管控系统为目标,围绕地下矿空间数据模型与组织方式、自动化建模技术、实时数据集成技术、工况可视化技术、漫游技术和软件体系结构等关键技术展开研究,主要内容和研究成果如下：1)从构建矿山平行系统的角度论述了地下矿生产可视化管控系统的定义、目标、功能、主要支撑技术以及在矿山信息化建设中的地位。2)讨论了可视化管控系统对矿山空间数据模型的需求,提出了地下矿空间数据模型的总体设计思路,并设计了一种针对井巷工程和生产系统的参数化实体与网络复合数据模型和一种针对地下矿所有要素的面向实体的多维混合时空数据模型。在空间数据模型的层次上解决了分析和可视化的统一性问题、多维属性的支持问题和空间对象行为建模的问题。3)研究了地下矿空间数据组织技术。设计了一种覆盖地下矿山所有要素的分类编码体系,解决了地下矿空间要素的编码问题。引入“视点”概念,提出了一种基于视点的空间数据组织方式,实现了三维场景的快速定位与显示控制。4)提出了基于参数化实体与网络复合数据模型的自动化建模方案,实现了井巷工程与生产系统的快速建摸与更新。针对地下矿三维建模的需要,提出了一套建模流程和质量控制方法,对于规范地下矿建模工作,提高建模效率和质量具有重要的指导意义。5)研究了地下矿工况可视化技术和场景漫游技术。提出了一套可视化方案,包括基于纹理动画的生产系统仿真技术、基于骨骼动画的设备行为仿真技术、基于三维地理网络的人员位置仿真技术和多功能信息面板技术,解决了各生产系统状态、设备行为、人员位置、环境监测值和报警的可视化问题。提出了一种基于虚拟全路径漫游网络和有限状态机的交互式井巷漫游方式,实现了快速而灵活的井巷漫游的功能。6)研究了矿山实时数据采集与集成技术,以及利用实时数据控制可视化效果的机制。设计了一种面向对象的层次式状态传递机制和一种通用的数据驱动机制,通过关联对象之间的状态传递方式解决了从各种低层传感器到高层系统的状态传递问题,并以一种统一的方式实现了各种对象动画的控制、信息面板的更新和人员行为和位置的更新。7)对管控系统的体系结构进行了研究,提出了“层次式系统+功能插件+服务接口”的管控系统体系结构,奠定了管控系统作为数字矿山支撑软件的架构基础。本文的研究成果丰富了数字矿山的理论,解决了构建地下矿生产可视化管控系统的关键技术问题,开发出来的系统在一些地下矿山进行了应用,取得了良好的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In21st century, computer technology, automatic control technology, computer network and communication technology and spatial information technology are developing faster, which injects new vigor to old mining industry. Now, the general development trend in the mining industry is digital, intelligent, remote-control and automatic. Since the concept of "digital mine" was proposed at the end of last century, its definition, connotation and framework are continuously extended. The underground mine production3D visual management and control system (UMPMCS) is an important part of the digital mine, and it is the software platform of mine parallel systems, digital mine and sensory mine as well. While mine information construction in China has made great achievements, some problems have been revealed gradually. The UMPMCS is of important practical significance to promote construction of underground mine information.Based on related technologies, such as3D GIS, virtual reality, computer animation,3D modeling and visualization, etc., this UMPMCS involves all kinds of business and production system in the mine. So, it is a complex system with lots of functions, which will be developed further with digital mine construction course. Based on the informatization status and requirements of mines, this paper studies on several key technologies, such as the underground mine spatial data model, the method of spatial data organization,3D automatic modeling technology, real-time data integration technology, visualization technology about working conditions, roaming technology, software architecture technology and so on. It aims to establish a platform of the UMPMCS. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:1) From the perspective of building a mine parallel system, this paper represents the definition, objectives, functions and key technologies of the UMPMCS, and the position of UMPMCS in informatization for mining enterprises.2) The requirements for spatial data model in the UMPMCS are discussed, and the general design idea of the underground mine spatial data model is presented. According to this idea, a new parametric entity-network data model (PENDM) for roadways and production systems and a new multi-dimensional hybrid spatio-temporal data model for mines are designed. The models solved the some problems, such as analysis and visualization with the same model, support for multidimensional attribute and modeling the behavior of spatial objects.3) Technologic methods to organize underground mine spatial data are studied, a feature classification code system is designed to resolve coding problem for all features in underground mines. By introducing viewpoint concept, a viewpoint-based method of spatial data organization is presented to achieve quick localization and controlling over the information displayed in3D scene.4) An automatic modeling scheme based on the PENDM is proposed to realize quick modeling and dynamic update of roadways and production systems. A procedure and some quality control methods are established for setting up a3D scene of the underground mine. They can standardize modeling practices and improve the efficiency and equality of3D modeling.5) Visualization technology about working conditions and roaming technology are studied. A visualization scheme including production system simulation technology based on texture animation, device behavior simulation technique based on skeletal animation, personnel positioning simulation technique based on3D geographic network is presented. With this scheme, the visualization of production system state, device behavior, personnel positioning, environment-monitoring data and warning can be realized. A roaming method based on virtual full path roaming network and finite state machine is presented for fast roadway roaming. 6) Real-time data collecting and integration technology and data-based effect-control mechanism are researched. An object-oriented hierarchical state passing mechanism and a general data-driving mechanism are presented. Then, the state can passed from bottom sensors to the higher level systems with the aid of associated objects, and the animation control of objects, updating information panels and updating personnel behavior and position are handled in a uniform way.7) Software architecture of the UMPMCS is researched, and a hierarchical system+plug-ins+service interface architecture is proposed. Based on the system architecture, the UMPMCS establish the fundamental status in the digital mine.Research results of this paper have enriched the digital mine theory and solved key problems of building UMPMCS. Software system based on these results has developed and the application in some underground mines has achieved good effect.更多还原