【作者】 魏冶；

【导师】 修春亮；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 城市与区域规划， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪90年代正值互联网方兴未艾之时，著名社会学家Castells提出了流空间理论。该理论从一个全新视角去揭示当代社会系统的组织逻辑，并解释了信息化时代社会生产生活的变革过程。流空间理论强调，我们的世界越来越受到流的主导——信息流、人流、物流、知识流、文化流、技术流……等等各种流成为各种组织网络的关键纽带，各种组织网络进而又编织成我们所身临其境的这个世界。总之，流空间所描述的世界正深刻挑战人们对空间概念的传统认知。流空间理论提出以后，著名的GaWC小组与Polynet团队奉其为圭臬，分别展开对世界城市网络和欧洲区域多中心化的探讨，成为该领域实践研究的典范。本文在两团队研究启示下，提出以流空间为视角对沈阳市的空间结构进行研究，其研究意义主要体现在以下三个方面：首先，包括GaWC小组与Polynet团队在内，以往流空间理论的实践研究集中在全球与区域尺度，城市往往被当作一个节点，而对城市内部的研究较少，本文研究旨在丰富这样的研究案例。其次，以往研究案例主要是发达国家或后工业化国家，中国的案例相对匮乏。在信息化程度与产业、社会发展程度方面，中国与这些国家相比还具有一定差异，特别是在我国东北地区，因此流空间理论发展尚需要一个中国化实践过程，本文研究旨在做这样的尝试。还有，在振兴东北老工业基地、国家新型工业化综合配套改革试验区等国家重点战略支持下，近年来沈阳市经济发展迅速，并带动人口与建设用地面积迅速增长，沈阳市将不得不警惕大城市病的发生。因此本文希望通过流空间视角，对其城市产业、社会及物质空间结构进行解析，以提出良好、可行的城市发展建议。本文研究分为以下七个部分：第一章是绪论部分。首先介绍文章的研究背景与研究问题的提出过程，其次对国内外关于流空间和城市空间结构研究的文献进行梳理和评述，提出以流空间为视角进行沈阳市城市空间结构研究的必要性。再次是对沈阳市社会、经济与城市发展状况的描述，并将沈阳市中心城区界定为本文的具体研究范围。然后是研究方法介绍，文章引入了图论方法、参量替代方法、最小生成树方法、最小凸包方法、空间相互作用模型以及高斯2SFCA等方法来进行城市空间结构研究，方法或其利用方式都比较新颖，是本文重要亮点之一。第二章是流空间视角下城市空间结构的理论解析。流发生和存在离不开网络，流空间实际上也是网络空间，本章通过对城市空间结构的网络化特征进行探讨，充分证实流空间是实际存在的，并描述了其具体表现。另外，运用流空间视角进行城市空间结构研究有别于传统视角，在产业、社会、物质等方面都有明显的不同。结合流空间的特点，提出流空间视角下进行城市空间结构研究的基本思路——对流的观测度量、空间网络结构的剖析、主导因素的分析以及核心问题的探讨。最后，对流空间视角下城市空间结构研究中尺度因素与社会发展阶段因素的探讨，指出在研究中可能遇到的问题，强调研究要中国化与本地化，而不能直接照搬照抄国外经验。第三章是基于企业网络的产业空间结构分析。产业空间的流表现为经济要素的流动和产业集聚与扩散；网络结构为企业组织网络；主导因素为核心产业与核心企业；关键问题为企业组织网络、产业集聚与扩散。本章首先强调流空间视角下的产业集聚机制更强调新工业空间的区位逻辑，接着以流和网络的视角描绘了沈阳市产业（以制造业为代表）空间集聚与扩散过程。作为产业空间中的主导因素，百强企业及其企业网络是本章研究重点。通过最小生成树方法识别出百强企业总部八大集聚区，这八大集聚区大体呈东西方向延展的趋势，在产业构成上各具特点。利用参量替代方法分析沈阳市百强企业空间组织网络形式以及由于企业组织联系而导致的地域关联，企业空间组织形式包括单体型、分支机构聚合型、均匀分布型、多点异质分散型、多点同质分散型等多种类型，而地域关联则包括东西延伸、中心放射、星状联系等三种模式类型。第四章是就业与居住一体的社会空间结构的剖析。社会空间结构中流表现包括无形的流（如信息流、情感流、知识流）与有形的流（人流、物流）；网络结构以人为节点，在具体研究中往往以人群为基本节点；主导因素为社会精英阶层；关键问题为就业空间不匹配、就业可达性、居住隔离及微区位等。首先对就业“空间不匹配”与就业可达性这两个关键问题进行研究，发现沈阳市存在明显的就业“空间不匹配”现象，较为明显的潮汐通勤流是其重要表现，而就业可达性分析表明，就业的难易程度大体呈现中心向外围逐渐递减的规律。本章还对一般就业人口与高学历就业人口的就业-居住联系进行了探讨，前者呈现双核心轴辐状的空间联系形式，而后者表现为多点之间的网络化联系。第五章是流空间视角下沈阳市物质空间结构的剖析。物质空间是产业空间与社会空间的载体与物质表现，因此产业空间与社会空间中所具有的流，都可以在物质空间上有所表现。流空间中理想的城市空间结构是多中心网络结构，网络结构的节点是空间成长单元，具有支配作用的空间成长单元是其主导因素。流空间视角下物质空间结构研究的关键问题为城市的多中心性与城市空间扩展。文章借助于传统与流空间视角对沈阳市的多中心性进行考察，证实目前沈阳市的城市空间结构处于多中心的雏形状态。另外还以流的视角解释了1995年以来沈阳市的城市空间扩展过程，其中资金流在该过程中起到了至关重要的作用。第六章是根据对沈阳市产业、社会与物质结构的分析，提出城市空间组织的流空间主导性与多维结构，抽象出流空间视角下沈阳市的城市空间结构模式。根据现状模式，确定以提高城市的多中心性为主要调控目标，提出了大力推进沈阳经济区建设；结合多中心网络结构思想进行统一规划、统一布局；产业与人口协同转移战略；加强浑南城市副中心培育；加快发展生产性服务业，完善产业结构体系；加强交通、通讯等基础设施建设，扫清流动障碍等六条城市空间结构优化战略。第七章是结论与展望。对以上各章内容进行总结和归纳，提炼出八条基本结论和四条主要的特色和创新点，并提出了论文的研究不足和展望。其中研究结论包括：①制造业占主导，产业空间组织结构有待升级；②2003年是沈阳市规模以上工业企业空间分布演化的重要转折点；③基于百强企业所构筑的企业-街道组织网络体现为多模式的复合结构；④沈阳市存在明显空间不匹配现象；⑤高学历人口展示了不同于一般人口的就业居住特征；⑥沈阳市已呈现多中心网络结构形态，但尚未成熟；⑦资金流主导下沈阳市城市空间扩展呈现阶段性特征；⑧提高城市的多中心性是沈阳市空间结构的调控目标。文章的主要工作体现在：拓宽了城市空间结构的研究视角；拓展了其研究范畴；提出以流空间视角进行城市空间结构研究的探索性框架；尝试将流空间理论中国化、丰富了城市功能区尺度的实践；探索了流空间视角下城市空间结构研究手段。未来作者还将从研究对象、研究方法、研究问题等多个方面对流空间视角下的城市空间结构研究进行改进。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the1990s, Manuel Castells proposed the theory of space of flows, when the internetwas in the ascendant. The theory tries to reveal the organization logic of contemporarysociety system and engages to explain the transformation process of social productionactivities in the information age in a new perspective. As the theory emphasizes, the worldwe live becomes more affected by a variety of flows including information flows, peopleflows, logistics flows, knowledge flows, culture flows, technology flows and other kind offlows. All the flows are the key links to construct kinds of networks which build up ourworld. In a word, the world which the space of flows theory described is challenging ourtraditional knowledge about the space. The practice of the theory begins in the study interms of cities and regions. The most famous research teams in this discipline are the GaWCand the Polynet, the former aims at delineating the world city networks, the latter dedicatesto analyze the poly-centralization pattern of European urban agglomerations. Acknowledgeto the perspective of space of flows, they have both obtained new findings andunderstandings of cities or regions, as well as have deepened the spatial interaction theoryin geography. Following the research routes of the two teams, this thesis investigates thespatial structure of Shenyang city according to the theory of space of flows. There would bethree significances of this research: First, previous studies in terms of space of flows havefocused on the global and regional scale, while hardly on urban scale, and this study wouldbe a supplement. Second, previous studies have mainly paid their attentions on developedand post-industrialized regions or countries, but less attention on developing regions andindustrialized countries. Therefore, we need a case study around these counties to enrich thestudies on theory of space of flows, and collect more evidence to support this new theory.The last, with the support of the revitalization of northeast old industrial base and thenational new industrialization synthetically reform testing area, Shenyang has madeconsiderable progress in economy with the population and the construction land area havegrown quickly. That means Shenyang has to face the risk of “big city” disease. In this thesis,we will analyze the structure of industrial space, social space and physical space inShenyang in the perspective of space of flows, and then promote better and more feasiblesuggestions on urban development.This thesis consists of7chapters:Chapter1is the introduction part. The chapter begins with the background and thepromotion of the research question. The following are literature reviews on the study ofspace of flows and urban spatial structure. Based on these reviews, one may realize thenecessity and practice significance of studying the spatial structure of Shenyang in theperspective of space of flows. The next part mainly introduces the background informationof Shenyang, such as social, economic and urban development, as well as designates the spatial extent of study area. In addition, this chapter introduces the research methodsincluding graph theory, alternative parametric method, minimum spanning tree, minimumconvex hull, spatial-interaction model and the Gaussian based2SFCA method. The last partof chapter1is the introduction of the research framework.Chapter2is the theoretical discussion on urban spatial structure from the perspectiveof space of flows. In some certain sense, the space of flows is based on network, withoutwhich the flows could not generate or exist. Hence the chapter discusses the networkcharacteristics in urban spatial structure to demonstrate the existence of space of flows exist,and then describes the specific performance of flows as a result. Besides, the chapter pointout what is the difference between the perspective of space of flows and troditionalperspectives. Chapter2also proposed the “starting points” of this research: the observationand measurement of flows, delineation of spatial network structure, analysis of dominantfactors and discussion of key issues. Notably, considering the scale factor and socialdevelopment stages factor, it is unwise to copy the foreign experience directly. We need tomake the theory localized, and combine with the present situation of China.Chapter3is the analysis of industrial spatial structure of Shenyang. First, according tothe “starting points” proposed in the chapter2, the flows performance, network structure,dominant factors and some key problems of the industry space was discussed. Then, theprocess of the industry agglomeration of Shenyang, which is one of the key issues in theindustrial spatial structure, was analyzed. In addition, as an in depth analysis, theorganization networks of Top100enterprises were investigated. As a result,8agglomeration areas of headquarters were recognized by using minimum spanning treemethod, and the spatial organization networks was delineated by using alternativeparametric method.Chapter4is the analysis of social space structure of Shenyang. The flows in the socialspace structure include invisible flows and visible flows. Invisible flows mainly include theinformation flows, emotion flows and knowledge flows. Visible flows mainly includepeople flows and material flows. In common sense, each person is the node of socialnetworks. But when discussing the social spatial structure, people groups are usually paidmore attentions. Hence in this thesis, each people group is considered as node of the socialnetwork structure. The elite class is the dominant factor, and the key problems contain thespatial mismatching of job provider and seekers, job accessibility, residential segregationand micro location. The job accessibility of Shenyang was analyzed by utilizing theGaussian2SFCA method, and the provider-seeker job association network wasestablished..Chapter5is the analysis of physical space structure of Shenyang. Physical space is thesupporter and material performance of the industrial space and the social space. Therefore,the flows belong to the industry space or the social space can also generate and exist in thephysical space. The ideal urban spatial structure in the space of flows is polycentric networkstructure. The node of this network structure is spatial growth unit, and the spatial growth units who have the control ability are the network structure’s dominant factor. The keyproblems in physical space structure from the perspective of space of flows are polycentriccharacteristic and urban expansion. The polycentric characteristic of Shenyang wasinvestigated from the perspective of space of flows and polycentric network structure.Though some evidence have proved that Shenyang have some polycentric characteristic, butthe polycentric network structure is merely in embryo. Besides, the process of urbanexpansion of Shenyang since1995was described by interpretation of Landsat TM/ETM+data, and the dynamic mechanism of this process was discussed from the perspective ofspace of flows.In Chapter6, the flows-dominated feature and the multi-dimensional structure of urbanspatial organization were revealed. Besides, the problems in urban spatial structure ofShenyang were figured out, and six corresponding optimization measures were proposed.The measures are as follows:①Vigorously promote the construction of ShenyangEconomic Zone.②Combined with the thinking of polycentric network structure, performunified planning and layout for the whole city to eliminate administrative division economy.③Transfer the industry and population synergistically.④Cultivate the function of Hunnandistrict as a sub-center of Shenyang.⑤Accelerate the development of producer services toimprove the industrial structure system.⑥Strengthen the construction of transportation,communication and other infrastructure related to “flows”, and eliminate the barriers against“flows”.Chapter7is the final part of this thesis. In this part, the contributions, shortcomingsand prospects of this study were presented. The main contributions of this study reflect inobtaining a new understanding of the urban spatial structure of Shenyang through a novelperspective of space of flows, and the drawing of the conclusion that Shenyang presentspolycentric network structure in embryo.更多还原