【作者】 原林虎；

【导师】 樊贵盛；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 土壤水分入渗是自然界水循环中的一个重要环节。在各类用水中,土壤灌溉水是最重要的组成部分。因此,研究土壤入渗特性,确定合理灌溉定额和技术就可以最大限度地节约用水,从而大大地缓解缺水压力。本论文以山西省2010年度农业攻关研究项目《山西省地面畦灌节水灌水技术参数研究》(项目编号20100311124)为依托,选取了三个灌区(运城市禹门口灌区、临汾市汾西灌区和吕梁市文峪河灌区)和四个县市(晋城市泽州县、长治市长子县、吕梁市方山县和忻州市原平市)的70个点。采取室外入渗及挖坑取土试验和室内颗分实验及有机质和含盐量测定,并辅以试验研究与理论研究相结合的方法,以精心选择的7个试验区12个县(区)市范围内的典型耕作土壤为研究对象,测量了三种状态下的土壤入渗能力及土壤容重、土壤(体积)含水率、土壤含盐量、土壤质地和土壤有机质含量。土壤入渗能力通过入渗量和入渗率来体现。借助数理统计方法,较系统地研究了农业生产周期内,这些地区土壤水分入渗特性的时空变异规律和影响土壤水分入渗特性的各种因素,分析讨论了土壤入渗模型Philip模型结构中两参数即吸渗率S和稳渗率A与试验区各种物理和化学参数间的关系。采用多元线性回归、多元非线性回归和BP模型的方法,建立了土壤入渗能力和入渗模型参数与土壤常规理化性状参数间的土壤传输函数,并通过数理统计分析方法对模型进行了验证。达到了土壤入渗能力和入渗模型参数用反映大田土壤理化性状常规参数来确定的目的。根据大田实测资料,利用Philip模型,对畦灌条件下大田土壤入渗参数进行了预测。试验证明：土壤入渗曲线可以由Philip模型较好地描述。研究结果表明：1、土壤容重、土壤(体积)含水率、土壤含盐量、土壤质地和土壤有机质含量是影响土壤水分入渗的主要因素。把它们作为模型的输入参数,可获得较好的预测结果。2、分别使用多元线性回归模型、多元非线性回归模型和BP模型,对土壤入渗能力和入渗模型参数用常规土壤物理参数进行预报,并对这三种模型进行了分析比较。结果显示：BP模型相对误差为8.9%排第一,非线性回归模型相对误差为13.6%排第二,线性模型相对误差为15.5%排第三。3、土壤水分入渗能力和入渗模型参数与土壤的物理特性有关。但不论土壤的物理特性怎样,土壤水分入渗能力都经历由大到小,最后达到稳定的变化过程,且都较好地符合Philip两参数土壤入渗经验模型。4、土壤水分入渗模型Philip模型两参数(S、A)与土壤的物理化学因素有关。本文的主要创新点：1、基于Philip模型并采用Matlab和Excle软件,在对土壤入渗试验(实验)数据进行科学分析的基础上,对土壤地面入渗问题进行全面研究；2、给出了山西省内七个试验区74个典型点的土壤入渗参数预报模型。3、自变量由常规的土壤容重、土壤(体积)含水率、土壤质地(砂粒、粉粒和粘粒),增加了土壤含盐量。使预测更准确、更全面,精度更高。我国水资源供需矛盾日趋紧张,根本应对方法是改进地面灌溉技术为主,有条件地发展畦灌和喷灌。本论文就地面节水灌溉的关键问题—土壤入渗参数问题展开深入研究,创建了土壤入渗参数的传输函数通过土壤常规理化性状参数间接确定的新方法。本论文能推动土壤入渗理论的发展,也有利于改进地面灌水技术和提高灌溉水利用率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil water infiltration is an indispensable link in the water cycle of nature. Among various types of water, soil irrigation water is the most important; therefore, the study on soil infiltration characteristics to determine the reasonable irrigation quota and techniques can maximize water conservation, and thus greatly ease the pressure of water shortage. Funded by agricultural and technological research project of Shanxi Province in2010,"Parametric Study on Water-saving Irrigation Techniques for Shanxi Ground Border Irrigation"(Project No.20100311124), the thesis selected three irrigation areas (Yumenkou irrigation area in Yuncheng city, fenxi in Linfen city and Wenyuhe in Lvliang city) and70irrigation points in four counties (Zezhou county in Jincheng, zhangzi county in Changzhi, Fangshan county in Lvliang and Yuanping in Xinzhou). In the study, a series of experiments were conducted:outdoor infiltration and digging soil experiment, indoor particle analysis and organic matter and salt determination experiment, supplemented by a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. The typical farming soil in seven test areas of12counties (districts) was carefully selected to measure soil infiltration capacity, soil bulk density, soil (volume) moisture content, soil salinity, soil texture and soil organic matter content in three states. Soil infiltration capacity was reflected by infiltration amount and infiltration rate. By means of statistics, the temporal variation regularity of soil infiltration characteristics in these areas within agricultural production cycle and a variety of factors infecting soil infiltration characteristics were researched systematically; the relationship between the two parameters(S and A) of soil infiltration model Philip and various physical and chemical parameters of the test areas was also analyzed in the thesis. By using multiple linear regression, the diverse nonlinear regression and BP model ground method, the study built parameters of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration model, and transfer function of the soil among the conventional physical-chemical property parameters was also obtained; meanwhile, statistical analysis was used to verify the model. And thus, the parameters of the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration model could be determined by conventional parameters of field soil physical-chemical property. According to Daejeon data, Daejeon soil infiltration parameters under the condition of border irrigation were predicted resorting to Philip model. It was proved that soil infiltration curve could be described by Philip model.The research results showed that:1, Soil bulk density, soil (volume) moisture content, soil salinity, soil texture and soil organic matter content were the major factors affecting soil moisture infiltration. By using the factors as model input parameters, better prediction results could be obtained.2, By means of multiple linear regression model, multiple non-linear regression model and BP model respectively, the soil infiltration capacity and infiltration model parameters were predicted with conventional soil physical parameters, and the three models were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the relative error of BP model was8.9%, ranking the first; relative error of non-linear regression model was13.6%, ranking the second; relative error of the linear model was15.5%, ranking the third.3, There was a correlation among the soil infiltration capacity, infiltration model parameters and physical characteristics of soil. Regardless of the physical characteristics of the soil, however, the soil infiltration capacity experienced the change:from big to small, reaching stability in the end, which met Philip parameters soil infiltration empirical model.4, The two parameters of soil water infiltration model Philip (S,A) had been related with physical and chemical factors of soil.The innovation of this paper:1, By means of Philip model, Matlab and Excle software, the research conducted a comprehensive study on soil ground infiltration problem based on scientifically analyzing the soil infiltration experimental data.2The soil infiltration parameters prediction model were given in74test points of seven test areas in Shanxi Province.3Variables, including conventional soil bulk density, soil (volume) moisture content, and soil texture (sand, silt and clay) were supplemented with soil salinity, which could predicate more accurately, comprehensively and precisely.To solve the increasingly-tense contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in China, the fundamental way is to improve surface irrigation technology and develop border irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. The thesis conducted in-depth research on the key issues of the ground water-saving irrigation-soil infiltration parameters, created a new method to indirectly determine the transfer function of soil infiltration parameters through soil conventional physical and chemical property parameters. Therefore, this research can not only promote the development of soil infiltration theory, but improve surface irrigation technology and utilization of irrigation water as well.更多还原