【作者】 黄瑞阳；

【导师】 王家耀；

【作者基本信息】 解放军信息工程大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 空间信息共享与互操作是地理信息领域发展的趋势和热点，然而作为空间信息共享的重要组成部分，地图符号共享理论与技术的研究却相对滞后。一方面，符号共享相关标准的制订与研究和应用相脱节；另一方面，现有符号共享方法在共享层次、共享范围和共享能力等方面都具有较大的局限性，难以支持多源异构的地图符号在网络环境下实现灵活开放的集成和互操作，从而造成了因重复开发地图符号而产生的资源浪费。基于此，论文开展了对地图符号共享关键技术的研究，研究了开放式地图符号的数据模型及其统一编码，建立了面向服务架构(SOA)的地图符号共享框架，为相对独立封闭的地图符号之间实现网络化的集成共享提供了新的技术途径。论文的主要工作包括以下部分：(1)阐述了国内外关于地图符号标准及符号共享体系的研究现状，分析了当前地图符号共享研究中存在的问题和不足，对现有的几种地图符号共享技术方法的优缺点及其应用的局限性进行了深入的剖析，提出了构建地图符号共享框架的目标要求与意义。(2)提出了地图符号信息共享的传输模型，明确了开放式地图符号数据模型的研究意义，分析了现有GIS软件自带的符号编辑模块，总结了点状、线状和面状三种符号常用的数据组织结构与绘制策略，设计了地图符号化的接口模型与符号抽象接口对象，建立了开放式的点状、线状、面状和注记地图符号的数据模型，并对该数据模型的兼容性进行了分析和设计，验证了开放式地图符号数据模型能够为不同类型地图符号的集成与互操作提供数据模型支撑。(3)分析了基于OGC SLD/SE规范、图形描述语言和XML语言等三种方式的地图符号编码描述方式，建立了地图符号的编码描述原则，提出了地图符号编码描述的内容及其层次模型，并在开放式地图符号数据模型的基础上，设计了基于XML Schema的地图符号统一编码描述方案。(4)在分析Web服务的概念及其结构模型的基础上，给出了地图符号服务的定义及其框架结构，借鉴OGC颁布的地理信息服务相关规范，制订了地图符号服务的执行规范，该规范对地图符号服务的三种操作接口(GetCapabilities、DescribeSymbolType和GetSymbol)进行了详细的描述和定义。(5)利用SOA软件架构思想建立了地图符号共享框架体系，分析了共享框架的三个基本要素与支撑要素，剖析了该框架中三个角色之间的交互操作运行流程，提出了顾及共享应用的地图符号分类体系，利用层次分析法得出了符号质量指标权重系数，建立了基于线性加权函数的地图符号质量评价模型，阐述了地图符号信息的元数据描述内容，建立了地图符号信息的目录数据库，设计了地图符号注册中心的注册、发现和目录管理等功能模块。(6)研究了共享框架应用拓展的关键技术，一是对注册中心进行了应用拓展，提出了地图样式描述方案以及远程符号注册与发现服务的构建等关键技术；二是对符号提供者进行了应用拓展，建立了符号在线编辑器的体系结构，设计了基于Silverlight的地图符号数据模型，分析和研究了地图符号在线编辑器的各个功能模块；三是对符号请求者进行应用拓展，搭建了在线地图制图框架，并对该框架的运行管理过程进行了功能设计。(7)为了验证本文提出的符号共享框架体系及其关键技术，进行了符号共享框架的综合实验，建立了共享框架原型实验系统的体系结构，梳理了原型系统的功能逻辑结构图，并建立了多源异构地图符号的集成、地图符号的统一编码与服务化封装、地图符号注册中心门户网站、地图符号在线编辑器、在线地图制图平台和基于符号共享的GIS显示互操作等六个子实验系统，贯穿了符号共享的每一个环节，涵盖了符号的数据模型组织、编码描述、服务化封装、发布注册、查找发现、在线编辑和综合应用等多个方面，验证了论文研究内容、研究方法的有效性和合理性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sharing and interoperation of spatial information is the tendency and hotspot ofdevelopment in geographical information field. However, the sharing theory and technology ofmap symbol compares unfavourably with the sharing of spatial information, though it is animportant part of the latter. On the one hand, the formulation of relative standards of map symbolsharing deviates from the application. On the other hand, the present map symbol sharingmethods have serious limitations on the effiction, range and capability of the sharing. It is hardfor multi-source and heterogeneous map symbol to integrate and interoperate openly on theinternet. Wasting resource is always happen because of the repeated exploitation of map symbol.Consequently, this dissertation works with the sharing framework and key technologies of mapsymbol. On the basis of open map symbol data model and united encoding, the framework ofsharing map symbol based on SOA is established to provide a new way for independent mapsymbol to realize integration and interoperation on the web environment. The main work andinnovation of this dissertation are as follows.(1) The sharing of geographical information is gradually progressing in its theory andtechnologies. On this background, the status quo of map symbol’s sharing implementation,correlative methods is expatiated. Then the existing issues and weak point is summarized andanalysed. After comparing their merits and demerits, as well as application limitations, with theseveral sharing methods of map symbol, the target and meaning of building map symbol sharingframework is proposed in the dissertation in order to realize the integration and interoperation ofdisperse, multi-source and heterogeneous map symbol.(2) The transit model for sharing map symbol information is put forward in the dissertation.Then the demand and purport of open map symbol data model is defined. After analyzing themap symbol edit module of sevarsal GIS software, the familiar data model and protractedarithmetic of point, line and area symbol is epurated. Then the united abstract interface model ofmap symbolization and map symbol is designed and the open point, line, area and text symboldata model is built. Finally, in order to test that the model can support the renewed organizationof different map symbols, the compatibility of the open map symbol data model is analyzed anddesigned.(3) Styled layer description and symbol encoding specification formulated by OGC,graphical description language and XML language are the main map symbol coding language inpresent. After taking a contrast with these main languages, the map symbol coding principles arefounded and the coding content together with its hiberarchy are analyzed. On the basis of openmap symbol data model, the map symbol coding specification based XML Schema is designed. (4) With the ground of Web services concept and structure, the deifinition and framework ofmap symbol service is brought up. Consulted with the relative geographical information servicesimplementation promulgated by OGC organization, the implementation of map symbol service isstipulated. And the request and response process of three web method interface—GetCapabilites,DescribeSymbolType, GetSymbol—are designed in detail.(5) The map symbol sharing framework based on SOA method is built. The frameworkcontains three symbol role members and several sustainable elements. And it works with the helpof three members’ interoperations. The map symbol classification considering the application isproposed. Then in order to evaluate the quality of map symbol, the AHP(Analytic HierarchyProcess) method is used to get the weight of quality factor and the linear weighted function isutlilized to compute the quality value. Last, the map symbol information metadata and categorydatabase, as well as the function modules of registry center—registry, discovery and databasemanagement—are designed and research.(6) The key technologies for the extended application of sharing framework are researched.First, to extend the registry center role member, the map style description schema, web registryand discovery methods are raised. Second, to extend the symbol provider role member, astructure of online symbol editor is built, the map symbol data model based on Silverlight isdefined and the function modules of online symbol editor is designed. Third, to extend thesymbol requester role member, the online cartographical platform is founded and the keyfunctions of the platform are researched and designed.(7) Aiming at testing the map symbol sharing framework and its key technologies, acomprehensive experiment of map symbol framework is taken. The structure of experiment isbuilt and the logical function mechanisms are summarized. Then there are six experiments arebuilt—the integration of multi-source, heterogeneous map symbol, the coding and web serviceencapsulation of map symbol, maps symbol registry center website, map symbol online editor,online cartographical platform and GIS drawing interoperation based on symbol sharing. Theseexperiments cover many aspects of symbol sharing technologies such as designing map symboldata model, symbol coding, Web services encapsulation, symbol registry, search and discovery,online edited and abroad applications.更多还原