【作者】 陈建明；

【导师】 李向平；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪以来，五旬节-灵恩运动对基督教在欧美及全世界的发展产生了深远影响，对在华基督教来说，该运动最重要影响是本土五旬节教派的兴起，对长期以来以西方宗派差会为主导的在华基督教格局来说，这种本土化的产生有着格外重要的意义。为什么五旬节信仰会对长期以来很多中国信徒所努力探求而收效甚微的本土化产生这样明显的影响？为了对此做出更好的解答，本文致力将历史叙述与理论解释有机结合起来，从而围绕中国地方基督教的建构这个基本论题，对五旬节信仰在西方的产生和发展，其入华的基本历程及在华的主要实践内容作了一个整体性的论述。作为一个具体的历史过程，五旬节信仰由西来的五旬节派传教士和差会带到了中国，并以他们为主体展开了一系列的宣教活动，这些活动对西方主流宗派差会的权威产生了一定冲击，并在当时特定的基督教复兴背景中进一步促发了本土的五旬节-灵恩运动，这些都为本土信徒的地位上升和自主活动提供了重要空间。在此基础上，接受了五旬节信仰的理念和体验的本土信徒，以其自身及更多的当地信徒为行动主体，在具体的处境中逐渐建构出真正“三自”的本土五旬节教派。这些影响的产生同五旬节信仰表现出的复原主义和奋兴主义神学立场和实践特征紧密相关。对宗教社会学的研究来说，宗教与社会的相互作用是其最基本的分析视角。本研究在依循该基本视角的前提下，对信仰本身所具有的独立意义给予了充分重视，本文认为，信仰本身的理念内容和体验特性，对其所可能的社会实践模式有着重要影响，这首先体现在对上述五旬节信仰差传活动的分析中。不过对五旬节信仰来说，其最突出的方面是对神-人的直接交往及由此而来的神秘启示的强调及情感主义的信仰体验和表达方式，这尤其作用到了本土教派行动者主体性的建构。同时，对外来的五旬节信仰来说，这种影响还受限于其与中国社会文化间的选择性亲和机制，最基本地表现为其与信徒包括教派领袖的处境化需要和他们长期以来的信仰惯习之间的互动关系，后两者使得五旬节信仰中的某些要素更容易得到接受和落实，并在其所秉持的启示主义和复原主义等基本神学主张的影响下，使得这种接受和落实有了进一步的诠释和建构空间。这些复杂而有机地结合在一起，最后对本土五旬节教派的权威与灵性资本建构产生重要作用。在对本土五旬节教派的研究上，本文以真耶稣教会和耶稣家庭这两个近代最重要的教派为具体对象，在论述过程中力图呈现两者在基本实践模式上的相似，以及这些相似之外的一些具体差异，并对此做出尽可能的解释。这种比较与对照更能体现和揭示五旬节信仰所可能产生的独立意义、及该信仰与特定处境中的中国社会文化所可能发生的选择性亲和的过程和结果。基督教的发展在近代以来更加体现出一种全球地域化的特征，五旬节信仰在中国的所有这些实践最突出的结果，就是建构出了中国的地方基督教，这种地方基督教不仅在信仰内容和实践模式上具有鲜明的当地社会文化属性，在阶层和权力结构上同样具有相当的民众性和地方性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ever since the20th century, the Pentecostal-Charismatic Movement has exerted afar-reaching effect on the development of Christianity in Europe, America and around theworld. For the Christianity in China, the most vital impact of this movement is the rise ofPentecostal denominations. The localization is especially important as it may change thelong-term Christianity pattern in China dominated by the western church missionarysocieties.Why the Pentecostal belief has such obvious influences on the localization whichmany Chinese believers have pursued with many efforts but got little effect? The thesis iscommitted to combining historical narration with theoretical interpretation so as to offer abetter explanation. Oriented with the construction of China local Protestantism, the thesiscomprehensively analyzes the Pentecostal belief with regard to its origin, development,dissimilation in China and relevant practical contents.Concerning its specific historical process, the Pentecostal belief was brought toChina by the Pentecostal missionaries and some missionary societies. They began topreach their religion through a series of activities, which to some extent shocked theauthority of the western dominant sectarian missionary societies. Moreover, it promotedthe development of the local Pentecostal-Charismatic Movement under the Christianityrevival background. All these improved the status of the local believers and earned morespace for them to act independently. On this basis, the local believers, who had acceptedthe idea and experience of the Pentecostal belief, gradually set up the real “three-self”local Pentecostal denominations in a specific circumstance along with other believers. Itspread and developed fast after the emergence. It also has particular influence on ChineseChristianity.As for the sociology of religion, the most basic perspective focuses on theinteraction between religion and society. Pursuant to this point of view, the study paysmuch attention to the independent value of the belief itself. The thesis holds that thecontents and experience features of a belief has a critical role in its possible socialpractice pattern. The most salient aspect of the Pentecostal belief is the directcommunication between humans and deity, followed by the mystical inspiration,emotional religious experience, and means of expression. It has great impact on the subjectivity construction of the local sectarian actors.At the same time, as for the foreign Pentecostal belief, this influence is limited to theselective affinity mechanism between itself and Chinese social culture. Generallyspeaking, it is reflected in the interaction between itself and believers including thesectarian leaders plus their long-standing religious habits. The latter two make it easierfor some elements in the Pentecostal belief to be accepted and implemented. There ismore space to interpret and construct the acceptance and implementation under theinfluence of the Apocalypticism and Restorationism and other theological creeds. Thiscomplicated, systematically combination contributes to the construction of the authorityof the Pentecostal denominations and the spiritual capital.Regarding the local Pentecostal denominations, the thesis focuses on the study oftwo important religious sects in modern times, namely, the True Jesus Church and JesusFamily. The thesis aims to manifest and illustrate the similarity and some specificdifferences in the practical patterns of the two. The contrast further embodies theindependent meanings that the Pentecostal belief may give rise to, as well as the selectiveaffinity relation between this belief and Chinese social culture in a particular context.Such comparison and contrast can further express and reveal the independent meaningbrought about by Pentecostalism as well as the selective process and outcome of affinityoccurred in the certain circumstances of china’s social culture.In modern era, Christianity develops with a more evident feature---globalocation.The prominent result of all the practices of Pentecostal belief in China is the constructionof Chinese local Protestantism. No matter in the belief contents or in the practical modes,such local Protestantism possesses a distinct property of local social culture. Within thestratum and power structure, it also has a considerable mass and local character.更多还原