【作者】 郭彩侠；

【导师】 葛红兵；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 中国当代成长叙事对应和折射着当代中国社会和中国人的现代化进程，把“现代性”理论和成长叙事理论相结合切入当代文学，作为考察视角和研究方法，可以帮我们更好地理解当代文学。论文共分为五部分：绪论部分界定了成长叙事内涵与论文研究范围；对于不同种类现代性观念与成长叙事主体生成想象的关系、主体生成想象的运行机制、现代性观念影响下的当代成长叙事发展概况进行了描述；并对论文的研究目标、思路、方法和行文体例进行了说明。第一章概述了成长叙事不同类型与其所在的历史文化语境之间的互动关系；从主题角度具体分析了不同历史时期成长叙事的主题展开。当代成长叙事主要具体呈现为理想皈依型、反思异化型、屈服适应型、迷惘颓废型四种类型。每种类型都有一定的主题、人物形象和情节成规。依据海登·怀特的理论，论文认为虽然叙事模式的普遍深层共性结构并不能为话语权力所真正改变，但是在特定历史时期，创作者往往会受当时流行现代性观念话语的影响，以致主导意识形态渗入文学叙事，使得不同叙事模式类型在不同时期密集出现。理想皈依型叙事以表现人物不断克服个人本位主义，走向集体主义为主题特征，在新中国成立至1970年代末之间出现较多，作为受到革命政治意识形态话语倡导和征召的产物，主体生成想象主要受到民族国家现代性观念的影响；反思异化型成长叙事表现人物因感受到种种伤害和困扰而产生怀疑和批判思想，契合1980年代左右对于传统主流文化进行反思的思想解放潮流，这个类型的主体生成想象往往受到启蒙现代性观念的影响，其创作在1976年以来一度繁荣，并延续至今；屈服适应型成长叙事表现人物对于理想信念、崇高事物的回避，对于现世物质生活规则的适应，反映出1990年代以来市场经济社会中一部分市民阶层的精神需求和文化立场，主体生成想象通常受到世俗生活现代性观念和后现代观念的影响，此类作品在1990年代以来创作实绩较多；迷惘颓废型成长叙事表现人物在异化的社会现实中看不到未来出路，陷入迷惘颓废的生活和精神状态，契合了1990年代以来当代人对于市场经济社会负面现状不满但又找不到解决办法的文化心态，其主体生成想象一般受到审美现代性观念和后现代观念的影响，也在1990年代以后有较多作品呈现。第二章主要考察成长主体的精神状况。对成长人物的主体精神面貌表现往往会携带着时代历史语境的印记，反映出主体生成所依托的社会和人的现代化程度以及现代性观念的流变。其中新中国建立到1980年左右频繁出现的皈依理想型成长人物通常被描写成在其成长早期要经历一系列个人奋斗的失败，最终在集体事业的共同成功中找到自己的人生归宿，成长者的情感欲望和理想信念为他们所信仰皈依的传统主流文化所净化和升华——主体生成标志主要表现为获得对社会主导话语的正确看法，个体终被集体吸收和接纳；反思异化型成长人物则多被描写成要经历社会人生的苦难，置身于异化的人际关系，备受情感摧折伤害，因此对于主导话语权力产生了怀疑，与之处于不断的冲突矛盾中——主体生成标志一般被理解成主体的觉醒和解放，走向对主流话语的反思和对抗；屈从现实者一般被设想成在思想层面遵循现实主义生存原则，认可社会负面存在的合理性，情感欲望多半是物质化的，对待社会人生持一种世故虚无的态度——主体生成标志往往被表现成对现实的屈从和适应；迷惘颓废者则往往被描写成主动或被动地呈现出与主导话语相对立的姿态，受到作为主导权力象征的面貌猥琐的“人生启蒙者”的伤害——主体生成的标志被描写成走向对传统价值观念的怀疑、叛逆、悖反却又找不到合适有效的反抗方式，只能陷入迷惘与颓废之中。第三章主要分析了不同时期四种流行成长叙事的深层逻辑，也即是当代成长叙事在现代性话语观念影响下，关于“主体生成”的逻辑想象和叙事建构，本文将其概括为：理想型叙事模式：游离边缘—受困遇阻—皈依理想—获得认同；反思型叙事模式：边缘生存—受到迫害—反思批判—个性成熟；屈服型叙事模式：边缘挣扎—理想受挫—屈服适应—人格分裂；迷惘型叙事模式：游离域外—无法融入—迷惘颓废—及时燃烧。主体生成的叙事情节模式，和主体生成的主题内涵、主体的现代性精神症候表现一样，随着当代现代性主导话语的衍变而不断发生变化。论文通过考察成长叙事主体生成模式的演变，来鉴证当代中国人的现代化追求轨迹以及现代性观念的流变过程，并考察现代性话语对于成长叙事的渗透，揭示特定类型在特定时代流行的深层机制。结语部分从成长观念的局限性入手，结合现代性悖论理论，对当代成长叙事进行了价值评估。指出在不同现代性观念影响下，主体生成模式的差异和转换，是对现代性主导话语理解逐渐转变深化的结果。强调了理想型成长叙事因受线性社会历史进化论与目的论、民族国家现代性观念、工具理性观念影响，表现人物在与传统主流文化进行互动过程中的社会集体本位“主体生成”，对个体精神不无淹没和裹挟；反思异化型叙事则是继承启蒙现代性的思想资源来反思社会极端思潮对个体人性的扭曲和异化，中间也往往受到历史进化论和目的论、工具理性观念影响；屈服适应型、迷惘颓废型叙事因受到世俗生活现代性、审美现代性和后现代解构观念的影响，表现人物的现世物质追求、颓废沉沦，内蕴着观照人性自身的真正的主体建构求索。更多还原

【Abstract】 Contemporary "Bildungsroman narrative" correspondents to and reflectsthe modernization process of Chinese society and Chinese. It will help us tounderstand contemporary literature well if we combine both modernity and"Bildungsroman narrative" theories as investigation perspective and researchmethods.This dissertation is divided into five parts:The introduction part defines "Bildungsroman narrative" and the researchscope of this dissertation. It describes various relationships betweenmodernity concept and "Bildungsroman narrative" subject generationimagination, operational mechanism of subject generation imagination,development of contemporary "Bildungsroman narrative". It also illustratesresearch objectives, ideas,methods and style of writing.Chapter one summaries the interactive relationship between varioustypes of "Bildungsroman narrative" and their historical and cultural context. Itanalyzes the subject expansion of "Bildungsroman narrative" in differenthistorical periods from the theme perspective. Contemporary "Bildungsromannarrative" is divided into four types: ideal conversion type, reflection onalienation type, yield to reality type, and perplexed and decadent type.Every type has its own theme, characters and the plot conventions. Based onHayden White’s theory, this dissertation states that although the underlyingcommon structure of the narrative mode will not be changed by discoursepower, but in the specific historic period, an author is often affected by thepopular concept discourse of modernity so that the dominant ideology willinfiltrate into his or her literary narrative. And this leads to differentnarrative patterns appear intensively in different period. Ideal conversion type of "Bildungsroman narrative" was popular from the founding of newChina to the end of the1970’s, it shows that people continue to overcome theindividual selfish departmentalism so that all turn to collectiveness andacceptance of traditional mainstream culture. It is especially recognized andrecruited by revolutionary politics ideology, imagination of subjectgeneration is generally affected by the modern concept of nation; Reflectionon alienation type of "Bildungsroman narrative" shows that due to people’feeling of all the hurt and distress, they have suspicion and criticism oftraditional mainstream culture. They show combined trend of thoughtliberation for traditional mainstream culture. Reflection of the subjectgeneration imagination this age is often influenced by enlightenmentmodernity concept since its creation in1976. This kind of work was onceprosperous and it continues to the present; Yield to reality type of"Bildungsroman narrative" shows the aversion of people to ideal and belief aswell as noble things and adaptation to the rule in the material world. It issuitable for the expression of a part of popular people’s cultural appeal of themarket economy society. Subject regeneration imagination is usuallyinfluenced by secular concept of modernity, post-modernism, such workswere seen more in the1990’s. Perplexed and decadent type of"Bildungsroman narrative" shows that people do not see the future in thesocial reality of alienation and they turn into their culture mind of lost lifeand mental state. It is suitable for the presentation of contemporary peoplefor the negative social dissatisfaction with the status quo but they cannotfind a solution. Subject generation imagination is affected by aestheticmodernity, post-modernism though and there were much works since1990’s.Chapter2investigates the mental state of bildungsroman subject.Grown-ups’ spirit is often imprinted with times, history and language context,so that it reflects the development of subject’s degree of modernization andmodern concept. Frequently appeared ideal conversion type of grown-ups from the founding of new China to around1980is often described as beingenduring person failure in their early growth. They will finally find their owndestiny with the common successfulness of collective cause. Grown-ups’feelings and desires as well as ideals and beliefs is purified and sublimated bytheir devoted traditional mainstream culture—subject generation marker isoften imagined as obtaining the correct view of leading social discourse;Reflection on alienation type of grown-ups have been imagined as to enduresocial life misery, alienated inter-personal relationship, highly emotionalfrustration. Therefore they begin to be suspicious of leading social discourse,and they have continuous conflict with the mainstream culture—subjectgeneration marker is often understood as to obtain subject’s awakening andliberation as well as reflection and confrontation to the mainstream discourse;Yield to reality type of grown-ups is generally envisioned to follow therealistic survival principle in the ideological level. They recognize therationality of the existence of social negativity. Emotion and desire is mainlymaterial, and they have a sophisticated nihilistic attitude to the social life--subject generation marker is often envisioned to selectively be subversiveand adaptive to the reality; Perplexed and decadent type of grown-ups isoften depicted actively or passively to be in the opposite to the traditionalmainstream culture, and they are damaged by "life enlightenment" that is asymbol of traditional mainstream culture----the logo of subject generationmarker is imagined to be suspicious, rebellious and paradox to the traditionalvalues. However they couldn’t find an effective confrontation method, theycan only fall into perplexed and decadent.Chapter three mainly analyzes the deep logic in different periods of four" Bildungsroman narrative" variants, namely logic thought and narrativeconstruction on "subject generation" under influence of modern discourseconcept of contemporary growth novel. This article summaries them as thefollowing: the ideal type of narrative mode: free edge-to get trapped resistance-ideal conversion and obtain identity; reflection on alienationtype of narrative mode: edge survival and persecution-reflection-maturepersonality; yield to reality type of narrative mode often: ideal frustrated inthe brink-yield adaptation-split personality; perplexed and decadent typeof narrative mode: free of foreign-unable to integrate into the decadent--lost-burning in a timely manner. The narrative plot mode and the theme ofsubject generation as well as is the same as the modernity of mentalsymptoms keep changing due to the updating dominant discourse ofmodernity. With the investigation of the evolvement of " Bildungsromannarrative" subject generation, this dissertation verifies the pursuit ofmodernization by contemporary Chinese and their continuous changes ofmodernity concept. It also investigates the use of the modernity discourse onthe infiltration of "Bildungsroman narrative" so that it shows the deepmechanism of specific types that is popular in a specific era.Conclusion part starts with the limitation of Bildungsroman concept ofmodernity reality. By combining the paradox theory of modernity, it evaluates"Bildungsroman narrative". This paper points out that the differences andconversion of subject generation mode under the influence of differentmodernity concept results from gradually deep change of the understandingof leading discourse of modernity. This paper emphasizes that due to itsinfluence by linear social theory of history evolution and teleology, modernityconcept of nationality and state as well as tool and rationality concept, idealconversion type of "Bildungsroman narrative" displays the social collectivestandard subject generation in the interactive process of people andtraditional mainstream culture. The individual spirit is submerged andcoerced. Reflection on alienation type of "Bildungsroman narrative" inheritsthe thought resources of enlightenment modernity t to reflect social extremethoughts on individual human’s alienation and distortion, it is often subject tothe influence of historical evolution theory and teleology as well as tool and rationality concept. Due to the influence of the secular life of modernity,aesthetic modernity and modernity concept with post-modern deconstructioncolor, yield to reality type and perplexed and decadent type of"Bildungsroman narrative" show people’s true own subject constructiveexploration for pursuit of the material pursuit, decadence and lost andcontaining the contemplation of human nature.更多还原