【作者】 朱眉华；

【导师】 邓伟志；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 大规模的人口流动是我国经济体制转轨、社会体制转型的伴生物，也是城乡一体化发展的必然趋势。在城乡人口迁移中，举家迁移和长期居留的趋势愈益明显。流动人口举家迁移是一个涉及经济、政治、社会、心理和文化的变化过程，他们面临着适应城市生活的多重困境与挑战。本文透过生态系统视角，深入剖析乡城流动家庭所处的社会环境和生存状态,尝试从积极的意义上解读其在应对挑战与困境中所做出的调适以及家庭抗逆力的作用过程。作为一项质性研究,采用了文献法、影像发声法和深度访谈，在流动人口聚居社区T村中，从参与影像发声项目的14户家庭中选取了8户家庭进行深度访谈，访谈资料经主题分类和编码后进行深入分析。本文以家庭压力与应对理论为基础，从流动家庭所处困境及调适的过程中，来分析家庭抗逆力的核心作用过程。研究发现，乡城流动家庭的抗逆力主要体现在家庭信念、家庭组织方式和家庭沟通三个方面。三者密切关联并相互影响。家庭信念是家庭抗逆力的核心，也是家庭组织方式和家庭沟通的基础。而家庭组织方式则需通过沟通和协调得以实现。家庭抗逆力的核心过程是复杂的交互作用的动态过程。对于流动家庭而言，家庭信念是其经历人生挑战和困境时的支撑，也是战胜逆境的力量源泉。流动家庭来到陌生的城市,对未来美好生活的追求，拼命挣钱让家人过更好的生活，就成为家庭成员的共同目标与信念。他们对逆境的意义有自己的诠释，认为目前的不利境遇是必经过程，也是家庭共同面临的挑战，只有乐观心态面对才能走出逆境。家庭组织方式在家庭应对困境中提供了相应的结构与功能，以支持整个家庭的运作与调适，对于组织家庭成员有效地应对压力和解决问题具有重要作用。流动家庭在家庭结构上核心家庭类型居多，家庭内部分工仍为“男主外女主内”的模式。很多家庭由于“家店合一”的运作方式，夫妻之间形成了平等合作的伙伴关系。这种家庭权力的平衡，有助于夫妻间的亲密度、稳定性和满意感，有利于夫妻在面对困难时的同心协力，也有助于促进伴侣的共同成长。同时，家庭要应对新环境的各种压力，需要强有力的组织者，才能发挥好稳定军心、把握方向和凝聚众力的作用。通常男主人担当了家庭主心骨的角色，负责做出重大决定，寻求社会资源，从而带领家庭走出困境与危机。从家庭的连结感和凝聚力而言，这些家庭因迁移过程中共同的家庭奋斗目标及面临的危机与挑战，更拉近了彼此的关系，他们能根据家庭成员的优势和能力来分担家庭的职责，允许个体间存在差异，彼此谅解和关怀，共度家庭的难关。同时，他们也需要调动外部社会资源来缓解压力。其最能获取的社会资源和支持，主要来自亲戚朋友的互助网络和社区资源，这也成为他们抵御逆境的重要支持力量。家庭沟通是家庭抗逆力的基础。流动家庭在沟通方式、情感表达和解决冲突方式上有其独特性。在夫妻沟通中具有务实、内敛、语言交流较少的特点，且为了共同的挣钱目标，他们超乎寻常地容易达成默契。在亲子沟通上，父母较关注孩子的学业与前程，但因忙于生计，亲子沟通的内容和频率有所局限。在多子女家庭存在亲子交流的不平衡情况。而情感表达方面，大多习惯于含蓄的情感表达方式，把爱和关怀体现在日常行动之中。在解决家庭冲突的方式上，采用的大多是沟通协商的方式，也有在不断争执中达成妥协或变得退缩的。而具有抗逆力的家庭基本是通过沟通协商、分工合作来解决家庭面临的问题或危机。本文主要贡献在于：以家庭压力与应对及家庭抗逆力理论为基础，通过对乡城流动家庭的实证研究，深度挖掘流动家庭在逆境中抗争的生命故事，诠释其家庭抗逆力的关键因素及核心过程，探索建构本土化的家庭抗逆力理论。并且以家庭抗逆力视角挑战以往的问题视角，形成了对流动人口家庭的全新认识。而研究局限在于：家庭抗逆力的要素分析和作用过程分析仍缺乏一定的深度，若能将质性与量化研究相结合，对家庭抗逆力的研究将更具有科学性和说服力。此外，对流动人口家庭分类基础上的特征分析有待加强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Large-scale population flow is an important phenomenon in China’s economic and socialtransformation period. It’s also the inevitable trend in the urban-rural integration development. Inthe rural to urban population migration, family migration and the long-term staying in city isincreasing. It’s the involving economic, political, social, psychological, and cultural changes inthis migration process. The rural-urban migrant family faced with multiple difficulties andchallenges to adapt to city life. In this paper, with the perspective of ecological system, toanalysis the migrant family’s social environment and living conditions, and positively interprethow the migrant family dealing with challenges and making adjustment, also the functioningprocess of family resilience.As a qualitative research, this research uses the literature method, photovoice, and in-depthinterviews, selecting the migrant population settlement community---T village as the researchobject, from14families of participating in photovoice project selected the8families in depthinterview, interview data after the subject classification and code analysis.In this paper, on the basis of family stress and coping theory, from the family in the process ofstress and coping, analysis the family resilience key process. Study found that rural-urbanmigrant family’s resilience mainly reflects in the family belief systems, family organizationalpatterns and family communication in three aspects. These three aspects are closely linked andinfluence each other. Family belief system is the core of the family resilience, is also thefoundation of family organizational patterns and family communication. The family organizationpattern also need through the communication and coordination to achieve. Therefore, the keyprocess of family resilience is a complex dynamic process of interaction.For migrant family, family belief system is the support during they were experience challengesand difficulties, and also is the powerful forces for overcoming adversity. Coming to the strangecity, the migrant families pursuit the future of better life, try very hard to earn money for theirfamily, became the family’s common goals and beliefs. Is critical to the interpretation of meaningin adversity, they think the current unfavorable situation is a must process, is also a family facingcommon challenges, only optimistic, positive attitude can help them get out of adversity.Family organization pattern provides the corresponding structure and function to support theoperation and adjustment when facing difficulties. It plays an important role in coping with stressand solving the problem effectively. Migrant family structure is basically the nuclear family,family internal division of labor is still the "male lord outside homemaking women" model. Butmany families because of operation of family business formed the equal cooperation partnershipbetween husband and wife. The family of power balance, helps to marital intimacy, stability andsatisfaction, is advantageous to the husband and wife in the face of difficulties together; alsohelps to promote partners grow together. At the same time, the family to deal with all kinds of pressure to adapt to the new environment, need strong organizer, can play a good stable morale,to grasp the direction and organizing a mob to force coagulation function. Usually the husbandacts as the leader of the family, is responsible for making important decisions, seeking socialresources, so as to lead the family out of the predicament and crisis. From links and cohesion ofthe family, these families because of the migration process common family goals and the crisisand challenge, more close to the relationship between each other, they can according to theadvantage of family members and the ability to take on family responsibilities, to allow thedifferences between individuals, mutual understanding and care, and enjoy family together.Meanwhile, they also need to mobilize social resources to relieve the pressure. Migrant familymost can get social resources and support, mainly from the relatives and friends of mutual aidnetwork and community resources, it also becomes an important support them withstandadversity.Family communication is the foundation of the family resilience. Migrant family incommunication style, emotional expression and way of resolving conflicts has its uniqueness.Their communication has the characteristics of practicality, inside collect, less oralcommunication, and for the common goal to earn money; they are easy to reach a tacitunderstanding. A remarkable on the parent-child communication, all the parents focus onchildren education and future, but because of the busy working, the content and frequency ofparent-child communication limited. In families with many children have unbalanced situation ofparent-child communication. And for emotional expression, they mostly used to implicit emotionexpression way, to show love and care in their daily actions. Flow on the way of solving familyconflict, family adopted mostly in the form of communication negotiation way, also have thedispute to reach a compromise or become the shrinking continuously. And resilient family isthrough communication and negotiation, cooperation to solve the family problem or crisis.The main contribution of this paper is: taking family stress and coping theory and familyresilience theory as the foundation, through empirical research to the rural-urban migrantfamilies, share family struggle in adversity of life story, interpret the key factors of familyresilience and the key process, explore the construction the family resilience theory in China.Changing the previous problem perspective to family resilience is also providing the newunderstanding of the migrant family.The research limitation is: family resilience factors analysis and functioning process analysis stilllack a certain depth, if can combine qualitative and quantitative research, the study of familyresilience will be more scientific and convincing. In addition, the classification on the basis ofcharacteristic analysis of the migrant family remains to be strengthened.更多还原