【作者】 周莹；

【导师】 郭北平；

【作者基本信息】 西安美术学院 ， 美术学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 西方绘画的主流以再现视觉真实为目的。而对视觉真实的追求也使得摄影诞生。以摄影为基础，摄像、电脑图像先后被发明。这些以机械方式捕捉和创造的图像，笔者在此统称为机械图像。机械图像的二维平面性和绘画相似，因此它迅速的成为了绘画的重要参照系。它为写实绘画带来了新的生机。它捕捉到肉眼难以发现的景象。提供了准确的动态，并由于对动态的抓拍获得了碎片化的场景。照片特别为历史题材绘画提供了依据。摄影对视觉真实的呈现，将绘画从再现中解放出来，也冲击了绘画,改变了绘画的面貌。机械图像首先在传播信息的效率上远远高过绘画，同时机械图像通过对绘画的模仿，不断侵蚀着绘画的视觉效果领域。西方绘画主动和被动地寻求视觉和内在精神价值的转变。绘画的媒介性和平面性是绘画区别于其他艺术门类的重要特征。从印象派开始一直到抽象表现主义都体现了这样的发展线索。与此同时，绘画还突出了它的内在精神价值。情感的表达一直是一条古老的线索，在机械图像出现以后被强化了。一类绘画选择抵抗机械图像而出走，同时另一类绘画则全面地去表现机械图像，波普艺术和照相写实就是机械图像时代机械绘画的极致。机械图像出现后，艺术面貌的改变，加速了艺术观念不断更新。而哲学又对艺术界带来了思想的启发。机械图像削弱了技术和视觉效果对于绘画的重要性。又进一步加强了观念与艺术的这种结合。形式的简化伴随着观念的强化。观念运用得当使作品丰满，但是也必须警惕观念化的危险性。观念艺术的第一个问题在于哲学有替代艺术的危险性，而更重要的问题还在于它具有假大空的危险。艺术需要有耐人寻味的思想，但同时也需要物质支撑。身体常常作为思想观念的对应物而存在。机械时代的身体是被剥离自然的身体。而绘画让人的身体直接参与到对对象的把握中去。手工性使身体与实在相连。与实在的联系使我们在使用大众媒体的机械图像的时，需要警惕大众媒体的趋同性。机械图像有机械图像的优势，绘画有绘画的优势。本文并不站在绘画的立场一味否定机械图像；也不因为机械图像对绘画的冲击，而否定绘画在今天的存在价值。重要的是，我们需要明确它们各自的优势。绘画就是在探索自身价值的过程中，走向了强调媒介性、平面性、情感、对机械图像的全面模仿、观念化等等不同而又相互交叉的路线。在这些线索中，机械图像都是重要的参照系，绘画对其既有对抗也有借鉴。特别是对机械图像的借鉴，已是不可回避的事实。画家要使用却不依附机械图像。从而在机械图像时代，展现出绘画艺术的独特的价值和意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The goal of Western paintings is mostly reappearance of the visual reality, which leads to the emergence of photograph. Based on it, video and computer graphics were invented later. I hereby refer to those images captured or created by machines as Mechanical Image.The2D characteristics of Mechanical Image are similar to paintings, so it consequently becomes the frame of reference for painting soon afterwards. Mechanical Image gives new vitality to realism paintings. Painter solved many problems through Mechanical Image, such as accurate dynamic. The capture of dynamic enables the depiction of fragmental scenes, which can be found in works of Degas and others. Photos particularly bring evidence for historical paintings.Photographs catching visual realities save painting from reappearance, but impact painting and change it. First, Mechanical Images transmit information quicker than painting, much more it invade the region of painting’s visual effects continually through imitating painting. I must point out here that the crisis of painting is mostly reflected merely in realism drawing. Artistic forms other than realism are becoming prosperous.Medium and flatness are important characters that different from other category of arts. Schools from Impressionism to Abstract Expressionism showed this line. Besides visual changes, paintings emphasize more on spiritual value. Emotion expression is an old thread which is emphasized in Mechanical Image times. Western drawings were changing from visual reality to inner reality. In addition to resist Mechanical Image, painting also reflect it. Pop Art and Photographic Realism are acmes of this time.During the changes, the definition of painting was varying. From single definitions to cluster concept, there is not any concept can overcome other ideas. This indefinability shows diversification in the contemporary era. In Mechanical Image times, conceptions are important for paintings, because form becomes simpler concepts developing more complicated. Concepts can optimize art works if they were appropriated used. But we should watch out for the risk of concepts. The first problem of concept art is there is a risk that philosophy will replace art. The more important one is that concept art may be fake and inane. Art may have something that is well-worth exploring but at the same time, it needs corporeal support.Body is generally regarded as contrary of thought. Body has been striped from nature in Mechanical Image times, however painting let body participant in grasp of corporeal objects. Manual element lets us be vigilant about the similarity of mass media when we use pictures from them.Mechanical Image usage is inevitable things. Painter should not attach themselves to Mechanical Image. Sequentially those images can be used by drawing, and displays the distinctive value of painting in the same time.更多还原