重大突发公共事件中政府与第三部门的协调应对研究

【作者】 陆亚娜；

【导师】 金太军；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 科学社会主义和国际共产主义运动， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 当前我国已进入社会转型的特殊时期,重大突发公共事件频发,并呈现常态化和多元化的特点。突发公共事件既包括传统的自然灾害和生产性事故,又包括公共卫生事件、环境污染事件、食品安全事故、还包括涉及信仰危机、合法性危机的社会群体性事件,重大突发公共事件得不到有效应对将急剧改变公共管理和公共资源配置秩序,导致社会运作机制中断和瘫痪,因此如何有效应对非常关键。面对如此复杂的公共事件类型和千差万别的成因,完全靠政府一方的力量往往已不现实,它涉及政府、企业、第三部门等多个主体协调治理的领域。本文选取了其中的政府与第三部门的协调应对作为研究的主题。政府失灵与市场失灵的交互存在赋予了第三部门存在和发展的重要意义,随着“全球社团革命”的到来,我国第三部门的力量也迅速壮大,第三部门以其区别市场与政府的运作机理成为应对重大突发公共事件的重要组织力量。第三部门在社会治理、社会管理中的特殊作用,以及日益显现的与政府的合作互补功能,都告诉人们一个不争的事实,政府要有效应对重大突发公共事件,必须与第三部门展开合作,协调应对。但政府与第三部门的协调应对还存在诸多困境,有来自政府的思维惯性困境,有来自第三部门自身的内生性困境,还有来自政府与第三部门协作应对无序的困境。其中既有我国原有计划经济体制和现有“双重管理体制”的体制性弊端,也有第三部门自律不足、相关法律法规缺失与滞后,以及我国公民社会基础薄弱,志愿文化欠缺,民众的危机应对素质不高等多种原因所致。通过对美国、日本在政府与第三部门协调应对方面的经验考察与借鉴,笔者认为我国应从政府、第三部门、社会三重维度出发,构建政府与第三部门协调应对重大突发公共事件的协调机制,即建立在相互信任基础上的第三部门参与激励机制,政府与第三部门的信息互通机制、利益表达沟通机制、决策协调机制和互为监督机制,真正实现社会有序、稳定、协调发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As our country has been entering the special period of social transformation, public emergencies occur frequently, presenting the characteristics of normalization and diversification. Sudden public emergencies include natural disasters, accidents, public health incidents, environmental pollution incidents, food safety incidents, relating the belief crisis, the crisis of legitimacy of social group incidents. If major public emergencies can not be manipulated effectively, it will change public management and public resource allocation order, leading to the interruption and paralysis of social operation mechanism, so how to effectively deal with is the crucial problem. In the face of such a complex types of public events and numerous causes, it is not realistic to completely rely on the government’s power because it involves in many department coordinated management of government, enterprises, and the third department. This paper selects the coordination among the government and the third department as the research subject. The existence of government failures market failure gives important meaning to the third department. With the development of "Global Association Revolution ", the third department of China is also growing rapidly, and has become an important organizational strength to deal with public emergencies in the distinction with the government and the market operation mechanism. The special role of the third department in social governance, social management, as well as the emerging of the complementary function with the cooperation of the government, tells people an indisputable fact, that is, the government must cooperate and coordinate with the third department to effectively deal with public emergencies. But there still exist many difficulties, including thinking inertia dilemma from the government, endogenous dilemma from the third department itself, and an out-of-order coordination between the government and the third department. The causes include systematic malpractice of our original planned economy system and nowadays "dual management system", and the lack of self-regulation of third departments, deletion and lag of relevant laws and regulations, as well as the weak foundation of China’s civil society, the lack of volunteer culture, caused by public crisis response is not high, etc. Based on the empirical study and reference of the United States, Japan in coordination with the government and the third Department, the author thinks our country should embark from the three dimensions of government, the third department, and society, construct coordination mechanism between the government and the third department to get coordinated response to public emergencies. That is to build incentive mechanism of the third department on the basis of mutual trust, and information exchange mechanism between the government and the third department, interest communication mechanism, decision-making coordination mechanism and mutual supervision mechanism, for the purpose of realizing social well-order, stability, and coordinated development.更多还原