【作者】 王宇；

【导师】 姜龙范；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 世界史， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 中美关系是世界上最为重要的双边关系之一。基于意识形态差异、对新生共产党政权的敌视、美苏冷战的国际大背景,以及建政时便立即推行的“一边倒”对外政策,新中国成立之始便与美国确立了敌对关系。对于新生的人民政权而言,朝鲜半岛有着极其重要的战略意义。社会主义朝鲜的存在,对于新中国而言有着战略缓冲地带的战略价值。朝鲜战争爆发以后,因美国为首的“联合国军”的介入,是这场战争由内战演变为局部地区的国际战争。美国为首的“联合国军”将战火燃至鸭绿江边,新中国的国家安全与正常的生产生活受到严重威胁。为避免“唇亡齿寒”,中国人民志愿军赴朝参战,进行抗美援朝,遂揭开了中美两国围绕朝鲜半岛而进行的长达半个多世纪之久的安全博弈。朝鲜战争是中美两国间第一次的直接军事对抗。通过这次战争,中国不但保卫了社会主义朝鲜,同时也向世界显示了新生人民政权的捍卫国家主权安全的魄力与决心。朝鲜战争结束以后,东北亚地区形成了以“北三角”和“南三角”为特征的冷战结构。美国以“第一岛链”为基础,通过与韩国、日本、台湾地区等国家和地区的同盟关系,来实现对中国的封锁。冷战期间,中美两国对朝鲜半岛政策的调整,不仅受到各自国内现实需要的影响,同时也要受到中美两国关系以及冷战国际大环境的制约。中苏关系恶化以后,中国陷入四面受敌的困境,不得不开始考虑寻求同美国的关系改善。而美国也在与苏联的全球争霸中陷入了守势,也亟须借助中国的力量制约苏联。中美两国之间表现出了现实的利益需要。1972年,尼克松访华。随后,中美开始了关系正常化的进程。中美关系正常化不但改变了东北亚地区国际政治格局,同时也改变了中国周边的国际环境。中美关系正常化为中国与日本、韩国等地区内西方阵营中国家的关系缓和创造了条件。与此同时,美国也开始调整对朝鲜半岛南北双方的政策。美朝开始接触,两国关系出现缓和的迹象。美韩同盟也多次调整。十一届三中全会以后,中国确定了改革开放的基本国策。随即,中国政府开始逐渐调整对朝鲜半岛南北双方的政策,在保持与朝鲜传统友好关系的同时,积极寻求与韩国接触并拓展两国关系。冷战结束以后,中国与韩国建立了正式的外交关系。中朝关系因此而陷入低谷。美国在与朝鲜保持有限接触的同时,提出了朝鲜核问题。朝鲜核问题的出现,使得本已开始缓和的地区局势,再次回到了紧张的状态。围绕朝鲜半岛分裂而形成的地区冷战结构也没有彻底解体。尽管“北三角”已经不复存在,但是“南三角”的美、日、韩三角关系却以朝鲜核与导弹问题为由而不断加强。朝鲜核问题对中国的国家安全构成了新的威胁。这促使中国进一步密切了与朝鲜之间的沟通与联系。朝鲜国内严重恶化的经济状况,加之美国的封锁与新的安全威胁,朝鲜也不得不恢复和加强与中国的传统关系。中朝关系走出低谷,并进入新的历史时期。中美两国围绕朝鲜半岛问题而形成的敌对和冲突关系也随之发生了变化。朝鲜半岛统一问题、朝鲜核问题以及朝鲜半岛安全机制等问题,成为中美两国利益冲突的新的焦点。为促进朝鲜核问题的和平解决,中国主持发起了“六方会谈”。朝核问题“六方会谈”成为中美进行交锋的平台。进入21世纪以后,中美两国围绕朝鲜半岛展开了新的安全博弈。这种博弈不同于冷战时期的敌对的零和特征,被赋予了新的合作与共赢的全新意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sino-US relationship is one of the most important liberal relations in the world. Based on the different ideologies, the hostility to the new communist regime, the big international background of the cold war, and the "one-side" foreign polices implemented immediately in the founding of the PRC, China had established the adversarial relationship with the US since the beginning of the establishment of China. For the new regime of people, the Korean peninsula is of great strategic significance. The existence of North Korea has a strategic value of strategic buffer for the new China. After the Korean war, due to the intervention of the United Station led by the American, it became a partial international war from a civil war. The US-led Untied Stated led the flame to Yalu River, which made the national security and the normal production and living of China be under threat. In order to avoid "the other is in danger", the Chinese people’s volunteer army went to Korean to resist America aggression and aid Korea, hence the security game is revealed around Korean peninsula between China and America. The Korean war is the first military confrontation between China and America. Through the war, China did not only defend Korea, a socialist country, but also showed the courage and determination of the new people’s regime to the world. After the Korean war, the north-east Asia became the structure of the cold war that is charactered by "northern triangle" and "Southern triangle". On the basis of the "first island line", America established the alliance relationship with South Korea, Japanese, Taiwan and the other country and region to implement the blockade to China.During the cold war, the adjustment of policy to the Korean peninsula for both China and America, is not only influenced by their respective domestic situation, as well as the relations between China and America, but also the international environment of cold war. With the deteriorations of Sino-soviet relations, troubled by all the sides, China start to think about improve the relation with America. At the same time, America, sinking into defense with Soviet Unions, needed China to control Soviet Union. We can see the realistic interest between China and America. In1972, Nixon visited China, after which China-US relation began to develop normally, which not only changed the politics of northeast Asia, but also changed the international environment of China.The normalization of Sino-American relations provided a platform for China to contact Japanese, Korea and some other countries in the West. Also, America began to adjust the policy of Korean peninsula. The United States and The DPRK began to contact each other, the tension between the two counties also eased off. The US-South Korea alliance also changed several times. In The Third Plenary Session, China established the basic state policy of reform and opening up. Immediately, while maintaining the traditional friendly relations with North Korea, China government began to adjust the policy to the Korean peninsula, actively seek contact with South Korea and expanded bilateral relations. With the end of Cold War, China and South Korea established formal diplomatic relations and China-DPRK relations shrunk.While keeping limited contact with North Korea, The United States proposed the North Korea’s nuclear problems. The emerging of North Korea nuclear problem made the regional situation return to a state of tension from a state which has showed a tendency of harmony. The structure of cold war based on the division of the Korea peninsula didn’t collapse completely. Although the Northern Triangle has already disappeared, the relationship of the Southern Triangle including The United States. South Korea and Japanese is strengthened due to the problems of North Korea nuclear problems and missile issues. The North Korean nuclear problem posed a new threat to China’s national security, which lead China to keep closer communication with North Korea. Serious deteriorations of economy, Blacked of The United States and the new threat of security, North Korea had no choice but to keep the old relations with China. Out of trough, China-DPRK relations got into a historical period. The relationship of hostility and conflict between China and The United States has been changed, due to the change of China-PPRK relations. Unification of the Korean peninsula, the North Korean nuclear issue and the Korean peninsula security mechanism, etc, have become the focus of benefit conflict between China and The United States. To resolve the North Korea nuclear problems peacefully, China launched the Six-party Talks, which become the platform for China and America to exchange their opinions. In21st century, surrounding the Korean peninsula, China and the United States launched a new security game, which is different from the zero-sum character of hostility, but has been given a new meaning of win-win cooperations.更多还原