【作者】 豆小红；

【导师】 李建华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 哲学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 老年保障作为一种福利转移和再分配的制度安排,必须获得道德上的支持才能顺利实现。而探讨老年保障的道德基础就是要回答为什么要保障老年、老年保障的道德根基是什么,也就是为老年保障的合理性和正当性进行辩护和论证,为老年保障寻求道德根据和价值支撑。我们主要运用比较研究法和规范分析法,从功利论、道义论、德性论、正义论和幸福论道德资源中寻找依据。不难发现,功利主义(工具理性)在我国老年保障实践和研究中一直占据主导地位,但功利思想具有重大的缺陷而不能成为现代老年保障的道德基础,只能成为其必要的补充。老年人虽然是“社会最不利者”,但不应等同于“社会包袱群体”,社会在给予其道德关怀,增强其主体性和尊严感的同时,还要充分发掘老年人力资源和创造潜力。全面考察相关的道德理论后,我们得知,正义是老年保障的首要基础(真正基础),道义是老年保障的一般基础,幸福是老年保障的最终目的。正义自身就能够充当老年保障的道德基础,因为正义内涵了平等、应得、权利和法度基本语义,但也需要道义作为一般基础,其它价值作为补充。实际上,老年保障正义是一个多元复合概念,分配正义是老年保障的本质所在,制度正义(程序正义和实质正义)是老年保障的基本内容,代际正义是老年保障的内在要求。老年保障正义要求所有的社会基本善,诸如自由机会、福利财富、发展权利等都要平等地分配,除非对其中一种或所有善的不平等分配合乎每一个老年人更大的利益。我们要以代际平等、代际补偿和代际责任为基本理念,实现代际正义,这是促进老年保障事业发展和促进代际关系和谐的内在要求。最后,关于践行老年保障的幸福路向就是要秉持人道性的老年保障理念建构,恪守正义性的老年保障制度安排和遵循平等性的老年保障管理导向。总言之,在一个拥有了正义的社会制度中,在一个弥漫了人道的社会环境里,人们(当前的和未来的老年人)有道德地生活着,能够自由地设计和实现自己合理的人生计划就是幸福的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Old people’s social security as a welfare transfer and a redistribution arrangement,must have moral support to achieve.And discussing the problem is to answer why we should ensure the old, what is the moral basis of old people security.That is to say,we shoul defend and argue the rationality or legitimacy for Old people’s social security, and seek its moral foundation and value support.We mainly use the comparative research method and normative analysis method,from utilitarianism,deontology,virtue theory, justice theory and happiness theory on moral resources in search of evidence.It is not difficult to find,utilitarianism (instrumental rationality) has been the dominant position in old people’s social security practice and research in our country,but utilitarian thought has significant shortcomings and can not be the moral foundation of modern old-age security,which can become the necessary supplement.The elderly are " the most unfavorable social person ", but it should not be equated with " social burden group ".We ought to give them moral concern,to enhance their subjectivity and dignity at the same time,to fully explore the elderly human resource and creative potential.After a comprehensive review of the related moral theory, we can know justice is the primary basis of old people security (real basis),humanity is the general basis of old people security,and happiness is the highest goal of old people security.Justice itself can act as moral foundation of old people security,because it contains the essence of equality,due,rights and laws,but it also requires humanity as a general basis,other values as a supplement basis. In fact,the justice of old people security is a complex concept,distributive justice is the essence of old people security,institutional justice (procedural justice and substantive justice) is the main content of old people security,intergenerational justice is the inherent requirement of old people security.The justice of old people security requires that all social primary goodness, such as freedom, opportunity, welfare, wealth, development and rights are to equal distribution, unless the unequal distribution of one or all of goodness gives every old people more benefits. We must take intergeneration equality, intergeneration compensation and intergeneration responsibility as basic idea, then realize intergeneration justice. Which is an inherent requirement to promote the career development for the aged and to promote the harmonious relationship between generations. Finally, the practice of happiness way for old-age security is to uphold humanitarian ideal construction, adhere to institutional justice arrangement and follow equality management orientation for old people security.In sum, in the possession of a just social system, in a diffuse humanitarian social environment, people (current and future old people) with moral lives, who can be free to design and realize their own reasonable lives,have happiness.更多还原