六朝吴郡陆氏家族文化与文学研究

【作者】 陈家红；

【导师】 曹旭；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 六朝吴郡陆氏家族作为江东世族之首望，其在引领吴地文化形态、开拓六朝形式诗学传统等方面均有独特创造。然而，学术界在文学理论及文学创作方面对于陆机、陆云兄弟，尤其是对于陆机及其《文赋》的过份关注，遮蔽了对六朝吴郡陆氏家族文化活动及文学创造的整体研究。本文拟将六朝吴郡陆氏家族作为一个文化整体，把握绵延于其家族内部的文化传统，从时代、地域、家族、文学集团等多重维度观照其家族的文化传承与文化品格，并进而审视其家族文化传承与文化品格统摄下的文化活动与文学创造，寻求其家族成员的文化活动及文学创造的家族根源，以期对与其家族相关的一系列文化活动及文学创造问题提供更为通达的解释。本文绪论部分陈述了本题选题意义、研究思路、研究方法，梳理了本题研究相关资料及研究现状。正文部分分为上、下两篇。上篇六章对六朝吴郡陆氏家族进行整体研究与述论。前三章对吴郡陆氏家族进行历时性的描述。第一章分析六朝吴郡陆氏家族远祖陆贾天人合策的天道观、仁义为本的政教观、统物通变的实践观及若即若离的出处观，这虽与六朝吴郡陆氏家族并无直接联系，然而根植其中的思维方式与文化传统却是六朝吴郡陆氏家族的文化起点与传承因子，从而将其家族文化推向历史的前台。第二章分析吴晋时期吴郡陆氏家族两条儒学实践路线的冲突与消长，并导致其家族的速荣速朽：逊、抗父子在孙吴政坛上的突出作为对于其家族极盛局面的推动，却最终导致了机、云兄弟在西晋政治中的步履维艰；机、云兄弟在西晋文坛上的巨大声名对于其家族引领江东士人的标示意义，却最终导致了其人在诸王争权中的惨遭罹难，从而最终促成其家族文化的转型。第三章分析南朝时期吴郡陆氏家族在文化转型后会通三家、顺应时变的文化活动与文学创作，最终在梁陈时期重新以文化的优势获得了家族发展的最盛期。第四、第五两章对六朝吴郡陆氏家族进行总体性的论述。第四章着重从时代特征、地域特色、家族意识、文化成就四个方面分析六朝吴郡陆氏家族的文化特征，每个角度都折射出其家族既固守传统又追求新变、既保守又开放的文化品格。第五章则意在建构陆机、陆云、陆厥所代表的六朝吴郡陆氏家族文学批评的发展脉络。陆机文学自觉论一方面开启了“诗缘情”的诗学道路，一方面又引领了六朝形式诗学的发展方向，对六朝乃至整个中国古典诗学都有着至为深远的影响；陆云文学境界论则在反拨机“绮靡”诗论的基础上，标举“文贵清省”与“先情后辞”，成为中国文学意境理论发展的重要一环，对中国传统诗学批评有着重要的贡献；陆厥则重申机、云诗学主张，将“情”置于文学的核心地位，在反拨永明文学的同时，直接影响了锺嵘《诗品》的批评形态。机、云、厥的文学理论构成了六朝吴郡陆氏家族文学批评的自洽体系，从而成为其家族区别于其他家族的文化特色。第六章试图从年岁排行、人生经历、家族责任的角度比较陆机、陆云文学创作的动机、策略及其特征，从而构成了陆机以古诗乐府为拟诗对象、以以赋为诗为创作手法、诗文风格浑灏沉厚与陆云以诗经楚骚为拟诗对象、以以诗为赋为创作手法、诗文风格清丽玄远的不同分野，而两者在两晋乃至六朝诗歌发展史上所代表的不同的诗歌发展阶段、不同的诗学审美理想，构成了中国古典诗学的重要方面。下篇两章对六朝吴郡陆氏家族的相关问题进行专题梳理与考论。第七章梳理吴郡陆氏家族世系、姻娅、著述及流传等相关资料，并附陆云《与兄平原书》校勘内容。第八章考证吴郡陆氏家族籍贯、陆机入洛时间、次数及原因等相关问题，并就六朝吴郡陆氏家族成员所预文学集团及文化活动、陆机《拟古诗》创作时间、动机及特色进行考述。附录部分编制六朝吴郡陆氏家族年表，勾勒出自汉末至陈隋四百余年间吴郡陆氏家族寄寓其间的文化生态及其家族成员置身其中的文化活动，作为正文的文献基础，为正文立论提供了较为正确翔实的文献资料。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the most glorious family in Jiangdong aristocratic circles during the SixDynasties, Clan Lu in Wujun show its unique creative at leading Wudi culture formand expanding the poetics tradition of the Six Dynasties, and so on. Overly concernedon Luji and Luyun, especially on Luji and his WENFU, however, covering thecomprehensive study on Clan Lu in Wujun on the Six Dynasties. This article intends toregard Clan Lu in Wujun on the Six Dynasties as a cultural entity, and finding itscultural tradition, observe its cultural inheritance and cultural character from somedimensions such as times, region, family, group of literature and etc. And furtherscan its cultural activities and literary creations governed this cultural inheritance andcultural character, and explore the families roots of these cultural activities andliterary creations, to seek more reasonable answer to a series of problems on culturalactivities and literary creations of this aristocratic clan.In the introduction part, the significance of the subject, the researchthought and method be declared, and relative information and research situation onthis subject be settled.The body of the thesis was divided into two parts: Part One and PartTwo.Six chapters in Part One have a holistic study and discussion on Clan Lu inWujun. In the preceding three chapters, diachronic description of this family wastaken. Chapter I analyses this clan’s remote ancestor Lugu, his Tiantao theory thatman is integral part of nature, his view of political education that be on the basicprinciples “benevolence”, his view of practice that unified and variated all things, andhis view of seclusion or no that is neither friendly nor aloof. Although these are notdirectly linked to Clan Lu in Wujun on the Six Dynasties, the thinking mode andcultural heritage rooted in these views are the cultural beginning and inheritanceelement of this clan, which motivates family culture on the stage of history. Chapter IIanalyses the conflict and ebb and flow of two Confucianism lines of Clan Lu in Wujunon Dongwu and Jin Dynasties, and leads this clan to rapid boom and decline: Luxun and Lukang’s prominent success promotes the exceeding prosperity of Dongwuregime and Clan Lu in Wujun, which leads Luji and Luyun to walk with difficulty onXijin politics; Luji and Luyun’s great reputation in Xijin literary arena as the markedsignificance of Jianadong aristocratic circles, but leads Luji and Luyun to be killed atthe scrambling for power and position of the Kings, which promotes the culturaltransformation of this clan. Chapter III analyses Clan Lu in Wujun’s cultural activitiesand literary creations of compositing Confucianism, metaphysics and Buddhism andkeeping up the times on the Nanchao Dynasty, which at last makes this clan gainboom again on Qi and Liang Dynasties.The two chapters of IV and V have a totality discussion on Clan Lu inWujun on the Six Dynasties. Chapter IV analyses this clan’s cultural characteristicsfrom four aspects of times characteristics, regional features, family consciousnessand cultural achievements, which respectively refracts this clan’s cultural character ofeither sticking to tradition or seeking new change, of either conservative or open.Chapter V intends to construct development vein of this clan’s literary criticism,which represented by Luji, Luyun and Lujue.Chapter VI attempts to contrast motivation, tactics and character ofliterary writing between Luji’s and Luyun’s from these dimensions of seniorityamong brothers, life experience and family responsibility. These lead to somedifferences of there literary writing: Luji simulating GUSHI and YUEFU, and Luyunimitating SHIJING and CHUCI; Luji’s works of POETRY framework containing FUTIconnotation, and Luyun’s FUTI framework containing POETRY connotation; Luji’sliterary style of deep and vigorous, and Luyun’s elegant and beautiful. These embodydifferent poetry development phase and poetry aesthetic ideal of Xijin Dynasty andeven the Six Dynasties, which constitutes significant features of whole Chineseclassical poetry.Two chapters in Part Two have a specialized carding and textual researchon some related issues of Clan Lu in Wujun. Chapter VII cardings pedigree, marriage,writings and spread of Clan Lu in Wujun’s, and adding proofreading contents ofLuyun’s letters writing to his elder brother Luji. Chapter VIII textual researchs on some related issues such as the native place of the clan, the time, cause andfrequency of LuJi’s being to LuoYang, the literary groups and cultural activities themember of this clan participating in, the time, motivation, character of Luji’s NIGUSHI,and so on. The Theory of Literature Consciousness of Luji on the one hand openspoetry way of "poetry originates from emotion", on the other hand leadsdevelopment direction of formal poetry on the Six Dynasties, which has a profoundinfluence on classical poetry on the Six Dynasties and even whole ancient society ofChina. The Theory of Literature Image of Luyun indicates "literature lies in clear andsimple" and "love prior to diction on literature" on the basis of correcting Luji’sTheory of Vivid Poetry, which constitutes an important link to the Theory of theArtistic Conception on Chinese classical literature. Lujue reasserts Luji and Luyun’sviews, and puts "love" in core status of literature, and directly influents critical formof Zhongrong’s Poetry Rank at the same time of correcting Yongming literature. TheLiterature Theories of Luji, Luyun and Lujue’s constitutes a self-consistent theoreticalsystem of literary criticism of Clan Lu in Wujun on the Six Dynasties, which forms thecultural feature of this clan’s distinguishing from other clans’.The appendix draws up annual events of Clan Lu in Wujun on the SixDynasties, which describing the social background and the cultural activities of ClanLu in Wujun on the Six Dynasties lives in over400years from the end of Han Dynastyto Chen and Sui Dynasty. This offers correct and rich datum for the issue wediscussing at present.更多还原