【作者】 王明生；

【导师】 施仲衡； 张弥；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 城市轨道工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 在城市轨道交通建设迅速发展的大背景下,城市轨道交通线路设计面临着极其繁重的任务。由于城市轨道交通线路多处于城市中心区,地上建筑物和地下构筑物情况复杂,潜在冲突多,传统的二维设计环境不易直观地发现各种潜在冲突,设计效率低,容易造成设计缺陷,已难以满足城市轨道交通线路设计工作的需求。因此,建立一个能够满足复杂城市环境下轨道交通选线要求的三维地理环境,实现在三维环境中进行线路方案设计与决策,提高设计效率和设计质量、减少冲突成为城市轨道交通线路设计研究领域亟待解决的课题。基于这一思想,本文以“城轨线路三维可视化设计基础理论和方法”为主题,对其中的所涉及的理论方法和关键技术进行了研究,从建模方法和算法方面提出了一整套方法并予以实现。主要研究内容及研究结果如下：(1)实现了基于Google Earth的空间地形数据、影像数据、建筑物高度等数据的自动、快速和批量提取方法。提出了基于Google Earth和硬件GPU技术的城市场景快速三维建模方法,满足城市轨道交通线路三维设计的要求。(2)针对大量管线类地下结构物的特点,提出了任意多边形断面沿着管线中心线纵向分段插值延伸的统一建模方法,使地下线状结构物建模统一和快速。算法能够对圆形、非圆形断面的管状实体建模,具有较好的通用性。(3)基于参数化方法、GIS技术、透明融合技术、单元模型方法、三维图形库建模的混合建模方法,实现了城市轨道线路高架桥梁、地下隧道、路基、车站的快速、多样性景观为一体的三维快速建模方法。算法对公路、铁路等其他线路的三维建模也具有较好的参考价值。(4)实现了地下水位分层三维建模和基于GTP体元的三维地质体建模集成的建模方法,建立了满足城轨道交通线路设计要求的三维带状地质模型。(5)基于三维场景中的空间交互查询技术、三维跟踪球算法,直接在三维环境中生成线路中心线三维模型。建立了三维空间冲突实时判断方法,通过三维交互技术、实现在三维场景直接拖动三维线路中心线模型,达到动态可视化线位调整和冲突判断的智能提示,建立了一套可行的城市轨道交通线路三维设计方法。(6)基于本文提出的方法建立了城市轨道交通三维线路设计原型系统,可较容易的开发实用的集遥感技术、虚拟现实技术、数字地质技术、三维建模技术、空间数据库等技术的三维可视化设计系统。本文的研究虽然是针对城市轨道交通线路设计问题进行的,但其研究成果也可直接应用于铁路、公路三维线路设计以及数字城市和数字管线的应用研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The urban rail transit lines design facing the extremely arduous task, In the backdrop of the rapid development of urban rail transit construction, Due to the urban rail transit lines in the city, the ground buildings and underground structures in complicated cases subject to potential conflicts, traditional2d design intuitively and environment is not easy to find all kinds of potential conflict, low design efficiency, easy to cause a design flaw, has been difficult to meet the needs of urban rail transit lines design work. Therefore, building a3d geographical environment can satisfy the complex environment of rail transit line selection requirements of three-dimensional geographical environment, implementation in the three-dimensional environment for circuit design and decision-making, improve the design efficiency and design quality, reducing conflict into urban rail transit lines need to be addressed in the field of general design research, Based on this idea, this article with "urban rail line3d visual design theory and method" as the theme, about the theoretical methods and key technologies involved in the research, from the aspects of modeling method and the algorithm puts forward a set of methods and implementation. Main research contents and research results are as follows:(1) Implemented rapid and batch extraction method based on Google Earth space data such as terrain data, imaging data, building height of automatic,. Is proposed based on Google Earth and hardware GPU technology rapid3d urban scene modeling methods, meet the requirements of urban rail transit line3d design.(2) Puts forward the arbitrary polygonal cross section along the center line of the pipeline unified modeling method of interpolation extension longitudinal section; make unified underground linear structure modeling and rapid. Algorithm can of circular and non-circular cross section of the tubular solid modeling has good versatility, According to the characteristics of the mass line kind of underground structures.(3) The hybrid modeling based on parametric method and GIS technology, the element model method,3d graphics library modeling method, Implemented the elevated Bridges of urban rail lines, underground tunnels, subgrade, the station quickly, diversity of landscape for the integration of3d modeling method. Algorithm for road, railway, and other lines of3d modeling also has good reference value.(4) Achieved the stratification of the underground water level3d modeling, and based on the GTP element made of integrated modeling method of three-dimensional geological modeling, is established to satisfy design requirements city rail transit line3d ribbon geological model.(5) Based on3-d scene space interactive query technology,3d tracking algorithm, directly on the3d environment generated in the center line of3d model., a real-time three-dimensional space conflict judgment method is established by3d interaction techniques, implementation in the center line of the3d scene directly drag the3d model, to achieve dynamic visual line adjustment and intelligence conflict judgment, establish a set of feasible urban rail transit line3d design method.(6) Urban rail transit is set up based on the proposed method of three-dimensional wiring design prototype system, can more easily develop practical set of remote sensing technology, virtual reality technology, digital geological spatial database technology,-three-dimensional modeling technology, technology such as3d visual design system. Although this research is aimed at urban rail transit line design problem, but the research also can be directly applied in railway, highway3d circuit design, and the application of digital city and digital pipeline.更多还原