【作者】 葛国耀；

【导师】 刘家俊；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 当前,科学技术迅猛发展,不同群体的利益加速分化,系统性矛盾盘根错节,社会风险日益凸显。尤其是在目前中国改革攻坚发展和社会主义现代化建设的关键时期,经济的高速发展不仅造成能源资源的过渡消耗和生态环境的难以为继,而且还引发社会发展滞后、区域发展不平衡、收入分配不公、民生问题突出、贪污腐败蔓延、社会道德滑坡等复杂的社会问题。如何有效规避社会风险、化解社会矛盾、促进社会和谐,既是一个重要的理论问题,也是一个急需解决的实践难题。在这种背景下,作为一种改造社会关系、协调社会利益矛盾、促进社会发展进步的理论方法与实践形式,社会工程逐步进入学界研究视野。然而,能否直接应用改造自然世界的方法来处理人类社会关系问题,这也成为当前理论研究和争论的热点问题。鉴于此,文章着眼于马克思唯物史观的理论视野,从当前中国特色社会主义发展的实践出发,围绕回答社会工程为何、何以可能、如何可能、意义何在等基础理论问题,对社会工程的理论内涵、本质特征、社会工程的理论来源、社会工程的哲学论证及社会工程当代意义等进行了深入的研究论证。首先,文章研究提出,社会工程是一种解决复杂社会问题有效的理论方法与实践形式。社会工程主要集工程思维、系统思维和辩证思维于一体,综合运用社会科学、工程科学理论和技术手段,将人们在工程实践中的目标性、系统性、设计性及可操控性等基本原则应用于调整人与自然、人与社会以及人与人之间关系的社会实践活动,在抽象理论原则和具体实践工作之间架起一座社会工程的桥梁,通过社会实践模式的科学设计和有效运行来规范社会中各类主体的行为,科学化解各类复杂矛盾和现实问题,从而推动实现人与社会的和谐发展。其次,文章着眼于唯物史观理论视域,为社会工程寻找马克思主义的理论支撑。文章研究认为,唯物史观为社会工程的存在与发展提供了广阔的理论空间,唯物史观理论中蕴涵了丰富的社会工程思想。唯物史观在社会工程存在的逻辑前提、社会工程研究的理论空间、社会工程实践的理论支撑等方面提供了重要的理论基础,唯物史观有关社会关系的生产、社会有机体理论、历史发展合力理论、对未来社会的科学设想以及人类社会发展演变规律等理论中都蕴涵了丰富的社会工程思想。另外,文章还着力从社会本体论、认识论、方法论和价值论的角度研究论证社会工程的哲学基础。社会工程是改造社会关系的实践活动形式,其本质属性是实践性,而且在此基础上形成的社会工程范式是唯物史观实践形式向工程模式转变的认识论创新,具有非常重要的社会认识论价值。不仅如此,从社会方法论和社会价值论的角度来看,社会工程既是一种处理复杂社会问题的系统理论方法,又是追求社会公平、实现社会正义是重要实践载体,对推动自由民主与社会和谐的终极价值目标具有重要的理论和实践价值。最后,文章还积极探讨社会工程的当代意义问题,提出社会工程对推进中国特色社会主义实践发展和唯物史观的理论创新具有重要的现实意义。文章认为,社会工程既是开展社会主义建设、推动改革攻坚发展的理论支撑和实践载体,也是提升社会管理水平、促进社会主义和谐社会建设的重要工具和必然选择。同时,文章还提出,社会工程在推进改革攻坚发展的实践中,不仅拓宽了唯物史观的理论视野,而且丰富了唯物史观的实践内容,是唯物史观在中国特色社会主义发展进程中最新表达形式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, the interests of different groups become divided quickly, and various social problems and conflicts are twisted together, so that we are facing a more and more serious society full of social risks. Especially at such a crucial stage of reform and development of modern socialist construction, the high speed of economy has not only caused energy and resources exhausted and the eco-environment unsustainable, but also brought complicated social problems as the social development lag, the imbalance of regional development, the unfair distribution of income, some serious livelihood issues, the overspreading official corruption and moral decline. Thus it is a very important theoretical issue and an urgent practical difficulty as how to avoid social risks, resolve actual social conflicts and promote social harmony. Therefore, social engineering, as a theoretical method and practical conduct which aims to reform social relations, coordinate the social interests and conflicts, and promote social development and progress, gradually comes into the view of the academic researches. However, whether can we directly use such a natural engineering method to deal with the relationships of human society has become a very hot issue of current theoretical research and debate. Under such a situation, this thesis focuses on the current practice of constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics with an eye to Karl Marx’s materialist conception of history, so as to answer the basic theoretical questions as what is social engineering, and why is to be, how is it to act and where is its significance.First of all, the thesis proposes that social engineering is a very effective theoretical method and practical conduct to deal with complicated social problems. Social engineering has the integration of systematic method of thinking, engineering method of thinking and dialectical method of thinking into its own methodology, and synthetically applies the theories and techniques of natural science, social science and engineering science to the social practice as of adjusting the relations among the human being, nature and the society, by using the principle of engineering targeting, designing, and systematical conducting. As a result, it builds a social engineering bridge which connects the abstract theory and the concrete act, then to norm the social behaviors through the scientifically designing and effectively operating of the social practice mode, and so as to resolve the complicated social problems and promote the harmonious development of man and society.Secondly, it penetrates into the theory of materialist conception of history as to explore the Marxist theoretical support for social engineering. According to this research, it says that the theory of materialist conception of history provides broad theoretical space for the existence and development of social engineering, and contains a wealth of social engineering thoughts. For more exactly, materialist conception of history provides important theoretical foundation for social engineering in its logical premise of existence, its theoretical research space and practical theory support on the one hand, and there are rich social engineering thoughts in the its theory of social relation production, the theory of social organism, the theory of historical resultant force, the scientific conception of future society and the evolution law of the development of human society as well.Thirdly, it tries to justify philosophical foundation of social engineering from the viewpoint of social ontology, social epistemology, social methodology and social axiology. It says that social engineering is practical in nature ontologically, which is as a practical conduct to reform social relations and the social engineering paradigm is a significant epistemological innovation from the form of practice to engineering. And moreover, social engineering is a systematical theory and method to handle the complicated social problems and an important practical carrier to purse social fairness and social justice methodologically, which is also of great theoretical and practical significance to push forward the ultimate value of freedom, democracy and social harmony in an axiological way.And lastly, the article also explores the contemporary significance of social engineering, and raises that social engineering has important practical meaning for the advancement of promoting socialist construction with Chinese characteristics and the theoretical innovation of materialist conception of history. And explicitly, social engineering is a significant theory support and practice carrier to carry out socialist construction and promote the reform and development of China, which is also an important means to improve the social management level and an inevitable choice to promote the construction of the socialist harmonious society. At the same time, the article also pushes forward that social engineering not only broadens the view of materialist conception of history and enriches its practical substance in the current practice of promoting the reform and development, and thus becomes to be the new form of Marx’s historical theory in the development of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics.更多还原