民国时期著名大学校长领导力研究

【作者】 饶正慧；

【导师】 顾海良； 崔延强；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 高等教育学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 民国时期的著名大学校长为中国近代大学的奠基与发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。他们的远见卓识、人文素养、人格魅力、渊博学识、个人风范以及治校理念、办学实践至今让人称道。在民国时局动荡的38年时间里,这些著名大学校长创造了民国高等教育的奇迹。这些著名大学校长,在治理大学的过程中表现出的卓越领导力,对中国当代大学的发展及大学校长领导力的提升有着重要的现实意义。研究民国时期著名大学校长领导力的一个重要内容,就是通过对当时大学校长的领导实践活动加以分析,探寻其领导力的表现形式、实现途径和作用发挥。由于民国时期的大学的类型不同,发展目标不同,大学校长的领导力也必然存在差异,但是鉴于大学然所具有的共同的组织特性,在大学校长领导力的问题上仍有许多共性存在。民国时期的大学校长数量众多,论文不可能对他们的领导力逐一进行分析。大学校长所处的政治、经济、文化环境等,甚至是每个人的不同经历、社会关系等都可能会影响到其领导力的发挥。因此,通过对民国时期著名大学校长领导力探讨、归纳、总结出影响民国时期著名大学校长这一群体领导力的主要因素,是论文研究的难点。论文选择了民国时期的80名比较著名的大学校长作为研究范本,通过对这些著名大学校长分析,指出影响大学校长领导力的主要因素包括校长们的教育背景、工作经历、个人魅力、领导艺术等方面的内容。论文主要以民国时期一些著名大学校长作为研究对象,通过对他们主政大学期间的表现来分析大其个体领导力,进而分析民国时期著名大学校长领导力的表现、实现途径和作用发挥。论文主要选择了几名具有代表性的大学校长,如蔡元培、梅贻琦、竺可桢等,对他们的领导力进行研究,并探寻其共同点。这几名大学校长是民国时期著名大学校长中的杰出代表,他们是当时社会乃至后世都被推崇的典范人物,在领导各自大学的发展过程中有效发挥和实现了自身的领导力。论文通过对这三名校长的领导力个案研究,勾勒出民国时期著名大学校长领导力的表现形式、实现途径以及作用发挥。具体而言,民国时期著名大学校长领导力的主要表现在他们具有明确的办学愿景、良好的治校策略、高尚的道德品质等等。民国时期著名大学校长领导力的实现途径主要是通过身体力行的方式,发扬民主作风,授权教授管理学校,并运用规章制度来保障其领导力的实现。民国时期著名大学校长领导力的作用发挥主要体现在他们优化办学条件、提升教育质量、促进学校迅速发展等方面。论文首先分析了大学校长领导力的相关理论,通过对领导力、大学校长领导力等基本概念的阐释,提出了大学校长领导力的构成要素主要包括前瞻力、决策力、执行力、感召力。大学校长领导力的价值主要在于塑造大学精神、凝聚大学组织、领导大学师生和推动大学的发展。其次,论文基于对大学校长领导力相关理论分析的基础之上,根据研究主题的需要,初步统计了民国时期著名大学校长的数量、分析了当时政府法令对大学校长的领导职权及任用的规定。论文采取系统研究与重点研究相结合的方式,将领导力相关理论与民国时期的著名大学校长研究相结合,立足于历史的角度,系统分析了民国时期著名大学校长领导力的影响因素、表现形式、实现途径和作用发挥。通过对民国时期著名大学校长领导力的深入剖析,明确了当时大学校长这一群体所具备的领导力,进而也为提升当前我国大学校长领导力提供了一定的指导意义。通过论文的系统研究,能在一定程度上弥补学术界关于民国时期著名大学校长领导力研究的不足。通过民国时期著名大学校长领导力的分析,对于提升当前我国大学校长领导力的启示主要在于：第一,坚守办学理想,彰显大学的主体精神。立足社会需求,明确办学信念,厘清学术界限,坚守学者风骨,坚持教育兴国理念,弘扬爱国主义精神。第二,明晰管理权责,构建大学校长角色实现的制度环境。明确大学校长的角色定位,强化大学校长的角色意识,完善大学校长的管理制度。第三,提升领导力,加强大学校长的专业素养。办学思路的前瞻性,决策过程的科学性,执行过程的严格性,人格魄力的感召性。通过各种方式和途径,努力提高大学校长的前瞻力、决策力、执行力和感召力,培养具有国际水平的一流大学校长。更多还原

【Abstract】 The famous university presidents in the period of Republic of China has made indelible contributions to the foundation and development of Chinese modern university. People are proud of their vision, humanistic qualities, charisma, erudition, personal style, governing concept and the practice until now. In a turbulent38years during this period, the famous university presidents created a miracle in higher education. The excellent leadership of these famous presidents in their governance process has a important practical significance to the development of Chinese contemporary university and university presidents leadership.One of the important contents in studying the leadership of university presidents in that period is to explore patterns of manifestation, realizing approaches and impacts of their leadership through an analysis of their leadership activities. Although universities in that period are of different types, development goals and requirements for the leadership of presidents are different, there are still many similarities in their leadership considering the common organizational characteristics of universities.Since there were so many presidents in that period, this paper can’t analyze their leadership one by one. It’s obvious that the political, economic and cultural environments and even their personal experience, social connections may exert an influence on the leadership. Therefore, the difficulty of this paper rests with how to select appropriate cases to sum up the major factors that affect the leadership of university presidents in that period. In the paper, eighty prominent university presidents are chosen as research models and it turns out that the major influencing factors include their educational background, work experience, personal chrisma, art of leadership etc.Some prominent university presidents are selected as research objects and their leadership is analyzed so as to work out the patterns of manifestation, realizing approaches and impacts of their leadership. The leadership of several representative university presidents like Cai Yuanpei, Mei Yiqi, Zhu Kezhen etc. is analyzed and their commonalities are explored. These presidents were outstanding representatives in their circles and were spoken highly of at that time and still are later because of their effectively realizing leadership in the course of running individual universities. Through case study, this paper concludes the patterns of manifestation, realizing approaches and impacts of the leadership of paradigm university presidents in the period of the Republic of China. Specifically, their leadership is mainly reflected on their clear vision of running universities, effective running plans, lofty moral traits etc. The realizing approaches of their leadership manifests in earnestly practicing what they advocated, encouraging democracy, empowering professors to managing universities and employing rules and regulations to guarantee the realization of their leadership. The impacts of their leadership lie in optimizing conditions of running universities, improving education quality, advancing the development of universities etc.This paper first analyzes the theories about the leadership of university presidents and puts forward the contents of their leadership, that includes foresight, decision-making power, executive force and personal chrisma, through the interpretation of some basic concepts like leadership, leadership of university presidents etc. The values of their leadership lie in shaping university spirits, uniting organizations, leading the faculty and students and drive the reform of universities. Besides, based on relevant theoretical analysis of the leadership of university presidents, this paper preliminarily estimates the number of university presidents in the period of the Republic of China and analyzes the function, power and appointment rules in then government decree.This paper systematically analyzes the influencing factors, patterns of manifestation, realizing approaches and impacts of the leadership of paradigm university presidents in the period of the Republic of China by combining systematic research and priority research methods, theories about leadership and studies on paradigm university presidents at that time. The thorough analysis of the presidents in that period asserts the leadership of then presidents, and thus offers guidance to the improvement of the leadership of current domestic university presidents. The systematic research to some extend can contribute to the insufficient study on the leadership of university presidents in the period of the Republic of China.Through the analysis of universities presidents’leadership in the period of the Republic of China, the enlightenment to promote university presidents’leadership currently comes as the following:firstly, adhering to the educational ideal, and highlighting the subjective spirit in university. Based on social needs, presidents should clear the educational belief, clarify academic boundaries, stick to the strength of character for scholars, adhere to education rejuvenation, and carry forward the spirit of patriotism. Secondly, clearing the managerial responsibility and accountability, and structuring the institutional environment helpful to play presidents’ role. It is important to clear the role of university presidents, strengthen the role--awareness of university presidents, and improve the managerial system of university presidents. Thirdly, enhancing leadership, and strengthening the professionalism of university presidents. For example, the forward looking of educational ideas, the scientificity of decision-making process, the stringency of implementing process, and the calling of personality charmer. Through a variety of ways and means, improving the university presidents’forward-looking capacity, decision-making capacity, implementation capacity and influencing capacity, and cultivating first-class University President geared to international standard.更多还原