【作者】 朱文通；

【导师】 苑书义；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 李大钊不仅是中国共产主义运动的先驱者、伟大的马克思主义者、中国共产党的主要创始人之一和杰出的无产阶级革命家，而且还是闻名于世的著名教授和学者。从1916年5月留学回来，到1927年4月英勇就义，短短12年的时间，李大钊是如何实现从一介书生到北京大学著名教授、中国伟大的无产阶级革命家的转变的呢？又是如何走上近代中国社会的政治舞台的呢?本文认为，李大钊主要是通过社团活动走上了近代中国社会的政治舞台，并为近代中国社会现代化变革做出了不可磨灭的杰出贡献。近代以来，中国社会一直处于现代化转型当中，这种转型表现在各个方面，其中之一就是从中国传统的结社到近代新式社团的转型。李大钊在社团的近代转型中，一方面通过大量的社团活动逐渐走上了近代中国社会的政治舞台，另一方面李大钊又为中国社团的近代转型做出了莫大的贡献。本文主要以近代社会转型为背景，在传统社团向近代社团的转型中，研究李大钊的社团活动，并考察其历史影响，即李大钊的社团活动对传统社团向近代社团转型及其对国家重建和转型的作用和影响。李大钊社团活动的主要内容、类型和特点，以1918年1月李大钊担任北京大学图书馆主任为界，可以分为前后两个时期。笔者将前期命名为求学和北京办报（刊）时期，后期命名为北京大学时期。前期，辛亥革命前后中国近代社团发展迎来了一个新高潮，李大钊自觉不自觉地参加了其中的一些社团活动，主要是以学生身份参加一些学生社团的活动，经历了从一般会员到社团骨干，再到自己发起成立社团的转变，初步积累了一些社团活动的经验。李大钊曾经短暂地介入当时社团的主流——政党团体的活动，一度加入中国社会党，并参与创建社会党天津支部。在社团活动中，受到当时社会主义思潮传播高潮的影响，为后来他接受马克主义埋下了伏笔。北京大学时期，李大钊先后担任图书馆主任、教授、校长办公室秘书等职务，业余参加了大量的社团活动。一方面，他参加发起成立了一批社团，另一方面直接或间接地指导帮助大批青年学生开展社团活动，促使学生社团活动成为新文化运动中社团活动的主流，并掀起了五四时期社团活动的又一个高潮。此外，他还从思想信仰整合、文化重建入手，跳出了“中体西用”论和“全盘西化”论的束缚，提出融合中西文化，创造世界第三文明的理想。他认为，俄国十月革命的胜利就是社会主义革命的胜利，代表着未来第三文明的发展方向。因此，他在中国大力传播马克思主义，使之成为大批进步青年共同理想和信仰，并致力于和工农运动的相结合。通过各种社团组织整合各种社会重建力量，建立中国共产党，并协助孙中山改组了国民党，在中国掀起了大革命的高潮。总之，李大钊走上政治舞台主要是通过社团活动，一方面是他的政治思想的形成和发展离不开与各种社团活动的互动；另一方面，他的社团活动不仅在中国近代社团史上产生了深远影响，而且使近代中国社会的现代化转型由被动转变为主动，在中国近代史上产生了重大影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Li Dazhao is not only the pioneer of Chinese communist movement, a greatMarxist, one of the founders of the Communist Party of China and an outstandingproletarian revolutionary, but also a famous professor and scholar all over the world.Li Dazhao came back to China after studying abroad in May,1916and he died inApril,1927. Between these12years, how dose Li Dazhao transform from a student tothe famous professor in Peking University and China’s great proletarian revolutionary?How does he step onto the political stage of the modern Chinese society? This paperconsiders that Li Dazhao stepped on the political stage through association activitiesand made outstanding contributions to the modern transformation of the modernChinese society.In modern times, the Chinese community has been in the modern transformationwhich relates to various aspects. The transformation from the traditional associationsto modern social groups is one of the transformations. On the one hand, Li Dazhaogradually stepped onto the political stage through association activities; on the otherhand Mr. Li made a great contribution to the modern transformation of the Chineseassociations. With the transformation of modern society as the background, this paperstudies the transition from traditional associations to modern social groups and LiDazhao’s association activities. This paper also studies the influences of Li’sassociation activities to the association transition and the reconstruction and transitionof our country.With January,1918as the dividing line when Li Dazhao served as the director ofPeking University Library, we can divide Li Dazhao’s association activities into twoperiods according to the contents, styles and characteristics. The author names thefirst period as school life and foundation of newspapers in Beijing, the second periodas Peking University period. In the first period, a new climax appeared in Chinesemodern associations around Xinhai Revolution. During this period, Li took part insome association activities consciously or unconsciously, mainly some studentsV community activities. After the transition from an ordinary member to the backboneof the associations and to the founder of a new association, Li Dazhao accumulatedsome experience. Li Dazhao once took part in the political parties for a short time,which were the mainstream of associations at that time. He once joined in ChinaSocialist Party and took part in the foundation of Tianjin branch of Socialist Party.Influenced by the popular Socialist Ideological Trend, Li accepted Marxism easily. InPeking University period, Li served as the library director, professor and secretary ofheadmaster office successively and took part in many association activities in sparetime. On the one hand, he contributed to founding some associations. On the otherhand, he helped construct the young students to carry out association activities andpromoted the students association activities become the mainstream of associationactivities in New Culture Movement, which became a new climax of associationactivities in the May4th period.In addition, beginning from the integration of ideas and beliefs, he got rid of the"Westernized" and “Wholesale Westernization "theories. Li brought up the idea tofuse Eastern and Western cultures and create the world’s third ideal civilization. Hebelieved that the victory of the October Revolution in Russia was the victory of thesocialist revolution, which represented the development direction of the thirdcivilization in the future. Therefore, he strived to spread Marxism in China to make itcommon ideals and beliefs of the large number of progressive youth, and devotedhimself into the combination with worker-peasant movement. Integrating a variety ofsocial reconstruction force through various community organizations, he helpedestablish the Communist Party of China and to assisted Sun Yat-sen to reorganizeKuomintang, which brought the climax of the Revolution in China.In short, Li Dazhao stepped onto the political stage mainly through communityactivities. On the one hand, the formation and development of his political thoughtcan not be separated from the interaction with the various community activities; Onthe other hand, his community activities not only have a profound impact in thehistory of modern China, but also promote the modern transformation of the modernChinese society shift from passive to active, which has a significant influence in modern Chinese history.更多还原