【作者】 白若萌；

【导师】 黄民兴；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 世界史， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 阿拉伯世界因其重要的地位,一直是世界关注和大国争夺的焦点。2005年以来,阿拉伯国家纷纷开放政治限制,全面提升政治参与程度。2010年“阿拉伯之春”运动之后,部分国家实现了政权的更迭与重组,并进入民主政治的巩固期；部分国家仍然处于全面动荡之中。阿拉伯国家的动荡显然与其内部长期存在的大量问题有关,如经济发展缓慢,失业率居高,贫富分化；威权体制下自由民主和人权的缺失,政府腐败等。但这次动荡,与美国长期以来在这一地区大力推进自由和民主是分不开的。目前阿拉伯世界面临着自二战以来前所未有的激烈的政治动荡,本文试图就最大的外部因素美国,在阿拉伯政治动荡中所发挥的作用,尝试进行归纳和分析。本文的主旨在于考察外部因素对阿拉伯民主转型的作用和影响。按此逻辑,应考察外部因素对转型国家内部的政治经济和社会文化的全面作用。因此,本文研究的重点在于,第一,美国在阿拉伯世界输出自由民主的理论基础,这就是“美国为什么要输出民主”和“为什么要在阿拉伯世界输出民主”；第二,美国在阿拉伯推进民主,其国内具备法律基础和机构基础。美国的民主外交是一项系统而复杂的工程,其模式主要包括经济援助与制裁,政治制度援助,公民社会援助和公共外交宣传四大路径。第三,埃及是重要的阿拉伯国家之一,其极富特色的政治局势历来是世人瞩目的焦点,因此埃及是美国民主外交的重点对象；第四,在推进民主的成效考察这一问题上,因为美国的民主外交与其他外交方式纠合在一起,其效能不同于具体物质援助的效能那样直观,既不能夸大,亦不能缩小,因此比较棘手。本文的特点在于,第一,美国历来在全球范围内推进自由和民主,本文将美国在阿拉伯世界的民主推进活动单独列出来,以区别于其他地区：第二,美国在阿拉伯世界的民主外交内容非常零散与庞杂,为此应当建立一个叙述和分析模式,也就是：国内基础—项目计划—具体国别—效能考察,这样—个框架,力图将纷繁芜杂的相关内容加以归纳和条理化；第三,对于阿拉伯国家民主化的条件以及过程进行理论性的宏观描述分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Arab world’s important position has been the focal point of world attention and great power. After2005. the Arab countries have open political constraints, to raise the overall level of political participation. Since the "Arab Spring" movement in2012, the Arab world is facing intense political turmoil unprecedented since World War II, a number of countries to achieve a change of regime and restructuring. The unrest in the Arab countries is clearly related to its long-term existence of a large internal problem such as slow economic growth, high unemployment, the polarization between the rich and the poor; authoritarian regime, the lack of freedom and democracy and human rights and government corruption. But over a long period, the United States vigorously promote freedom and democracy are inseparable in the turmoil in the region of time. The thesis try to summarize and analyze the largest external factors play a role in the Arab political unrest.The main substance of this thesis is to examine the role and impact of external factors on the transformation of Arab democracy. This should examine the external factors on the overall role of the political, economic, social and cultural transformation within the country. The focus of this study is that, First, the United States internal ideological foundation of freedom and democracy in the Arab world output, which is "why the United States export democracy" and "Why export democracy in the Arab world":Second, the promotion of democracy have its domestic legal basis and institutional basis. Democracy diplomacy is a systematic and complex project, the model includes financial assistance and sanctions, the political system assistance, the assistance of civil society and public diplomacy Third, Egypt is an important Arab country, its unique political situation has always been the focus of world attention. And Egypt is a key object of analysis:Fourth, the effectiveness of the democracy diplomacy different from the effect of specific material assistance, both can not be overstated, and also can not be reduced. They are very complicated.The characteristics of this thesis are as follows. First. The United States has always been to promote freedom and democracy on a global scale, the thesis singled out the democracy promote in the Arab world, in order to distinguish it from other regions. Second, the content of democratic diplomacy in the Arab world is a complex system which is very fragmented. It needs to establish a narrative and analysis modes, namely:Domestic infrastructure-Project planning-Country specific-Performance study, such a framework. And try to reorganize related content, making it more induction and principled. Third, describe possible reasons as well as the process of democratization of Arab countries, applying related theory.更多还原