唐代吴郡陆氏家族与文学研究

【作者】 高淑君；

【导师】 李浩；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 吴郡陆氏源自妫姓,西汉时由北方迁居吴地,东汉后期发展为吴郡族姓。三国东吴时期,陆氏凭借地利之便和军事才能,家族势力达到鼎盛。经历了两晋至宋齐间的几度浮沉之后,陆氏在梁陈间出现了不少文化人物,以文取达,确立了其东南“吴姓”首望的文化士族地位。在陆氏的发展中,北方士族对其有比较重要的影响。唐代陆氏的三支显宦家族,其兴盛的时间和仕进的主要因素各有特点,代表了陆氏在唐代各阶段的发展。丹徒枝以旧族经学声望在唐代最先成为显宦之族,但不久就衰落下去；太尉枝在高宗、武后时期通过明经、制举等方式入仕而骤兴,家族人物多吏干、有治绩,后期亦能转而兼重进士科,基本保持了与唐始终的地位；侍郎枝中唐以后主要通过进士科复兴,显达于唐代后期。在婚姻关系上,以开元为界,陆氏前期以江南旧族为主要通婚对象,后期则多与北方新旧士族通婚,但始终没有与山东高门和皇室通婚。陆氏家族文化在唐代前期主要以经史为重,后期则转变为经学与文学兼重。与一般旧族相比,陆氏在唐代后期对经学格外重视,这对家族的文化风貌和文学发展也有显著的影响。陆氏也有书法人物,上承南朝风气,对书法传播有一定影响。陆氏家族文学的发展与唐代江南文学地位的变迁有着一致的走向：初唐处于沉寂状态,盛唐人物对“吴中四士”扬名北方有过促进,中唐人物在江南文坛集会和酬唱中更加活跃,晚唐人物则扮演了重要的角色。中晚唐陆氏对经学的重视,使陆氏与古文运动也有诸多的联系,既有拔擢古文士子的政治人物,也有影响古文家思想的大儒,晚唐更成为古文运动的主要继承者。陆氏对江南文坛和在古文运动中的参与都是由边缘走向中心,对南北文学交流也有促进作用。唐代陆氏的文化人物中,陆淳作为中唐经学新变的代表,继承和发展了啖助、赵匡的学说,对新《春秋》学派的发展有重要贡献；陆长源的《辨疑志》是对小说志怪传统的反拨,·也是中唐文人理性精神在小说写作中的一种体现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wujun Lu’s originated from the surname Gui, migrated from the North to the Wu during the Western Han Dynasty and developed into the notable clans of Wujun in the later stage of the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Eastern Wu of the Three Kingdom period, Lu’s clan influence reached their peak by virtue of geographic proximity and the military achievements. After experienced the ups and downs of a few degrees from Jin Dynasty to Song and Qi Dynasty, Lu’s appeared many cultural figures, promoted higher officials by the literatural advantage and radicated the first place of the southeast "Wuxing" in the status of scholar official clans during Chen and Liang Dynasty. The northern aristocracies had an important influence on Lu’s development during the Six Dynasties.In the three prominent branches of Lu’s during the Tang Dynasty, there were various characteristics in the time of their flourishing and the main factors to affect the official promotion, which represented Lu’s development at various stages of the Tang Dynasty. Dantu branch at the first became the family with high officials, but soon eclipsed in the Tang Dynasty. Taiwei branch obtained official position by Mingjing and Zhi examination to be flourishing. And many of the family figures were high officials, gained great achievements and shifted to have passed Jinshi Examination in the late stage. In a word, the family maintained the status during all the Tang Dynasty period. Shilang branch was revived mainly through Jinshi Examination and had been illustrious and influential at the late stage of Tang Dynasty. In their marriage, Lu’s chose Jiangnan Old aristocracies as the main intermarriage objects before the Kaiyuan Period, and after the Kaiyuan they mainly intermarried with the old and the new aristocracies in the North, but they never intermarried with Shandong aristocracy and the royals.The Lu’s clan culture in the early Tang Dynasty stressed mainly on Classiques and Histoire, late on the both Classiques and Literatures. Compared with the general old aristocracy, Lu’s paid the special attention to Classiques in the late Tang Dynasty, which also have a significant impact on cultural outlook and literary development. Lu’s also had some figures in calligraphy who were inherent from the characteristics of the Southern Dynasties and had a certain impact on the spread of calligraphy.Lu’s literature development had a consistent trend with the changes of the literary status of Jiangnan in Tang Dynasty:in early Tang Dynasty, there was a quiet state in which the figures from prosperous Tang promoted "Four Scholar of Wuzhong" to be famous in the North; the figures from the mid-Tang Dynasty met in the Jiangnan literary world and actively responded to a poem with a poem each other; the figures from the late Tang played an important role. In middle and late Tang Dynasty, since they paid much attention to the Classiques Lu’s had many connections with the Guwen Movement including the politicians who promoted the Classic scholars, great Confucianists who deeply influenced the Confucian thought and main successors of the classical movement in the late Tang Dynasty. Lu’s participated in Jiangnan literary world and Guwen Movement both in the edge to the central role and played an important role in the exchanges of North-South literary.Among Lu’s cultural figures of Tang Dynasty, Lu Chun as a representative of the new development of Confucianism in mid-Tang had inherited and developed Dan Zhu, and Zhao Kuang’s doctrine, and contributed greatly to the development of the new "Spring and Autumn" School. Lu Changyuan’s "Bian Yi Zhi " contradicted the literature traditional of Zhiguai and reflected the scholar’s rational spirit in the mid-Tang Dynasty.更多还原