税收成本约束下的企业盈余管理行为研究

【作者】 李辽宁；

【导师】 张晓明；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 企业管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 盈余管理作为实证会计研究的一个重要领域,一直都是国内外研究人员关注的热点问题之一。但是长期以来,对盈余管理的大部分研究主要集中于企业行为等微观层面的影响因素,很少涉及到经济政策等宏观层面的影响因素,而我国又是一个非常注重宏观调控的国家,因此,研究宏观经济政策对企业盈余管理行为的影响,就具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。本文主要选取了税收政策这一与企业密切相关的宏观经济政策作为研究对象,具体研究了企业所得税政策变动所带来的税收成本变动对企业盈余管理行为产生的影响。本文首先对盈余管理的概念进行了重新界定,并从崭新的视角分析了盈余管理的特征和利弊。在此基础上,从组织行为学的角度出发,借鉴舞弊三角理论,构建了一个由能力、动机和机会三个因素构成的盈余管理分析框架,并主要运用契约理论对这三个因素进行了更加深入的理论分析,同时阐明了税收政策对企业盈余管理行为的影响机理。其次,分别从公司治理、税收政策和会计准则三个方面回顾了国内外有关盈余管理的主要文献,这三个方面的研究成果分别反映了能力、动机和机会三个因素对盈余管理产生的影响,另外还回顾了与盈余管理的识别和计量有关的文献,为本文具体的研究思路和研究方法提供了参考和借鉴。再次,以我国A股上市公司为研究样本,综合运用多元线性回归分析、两配对样本t检验以及盈余频数分布法等方法,分别从盈余管理的幅度、手段和频数三个方面,具体研究了我国2008年所得税政策变动所引起的税收成本变动对企业盈余管理行为产生的影响。最后,对本文的研究过程和研究结果进行总结,作出研究结论,并对税收政策的制定和盈余管理的治理提出了相应的建议。本文的研究发现：(1)当企业由高税率时期进入低税率时期时,企业的盈余管理幅度会显著增大。而且企业通过应税项目进行盈余管理的幅度会明显增加,而通过非应税项目进行盈余管理的幅度并没有显著变化。同时还发现,基于保盈避亏动机而进行盈余管理的企业数量在税率降低后出现了显著的增加。(2)当企业由低税率时期进入高税率时期时,企业的盈余管理幅度虽然有所降低,但是统计意义上并不显著。而且企业通过应税项目进行盈余管理的幅度虽然有所降低,但是统计意义上也并不显著,而企业通过非应税项目进行盈余管理的幅度则显著增加。另外,基于保盈避亏动机而进行盈余管理的企业数量在税率升高后有所减少,但是变化并不十分明显。(3)当企业处于税率相对稳定的时期时,企业盈余管理的幅度没有发生显著变化,企业通过应税项目和非应税项目进行盈余管理的幅度均没有发生显著变化,而且基于保盈避亏动机而进行盈余管理的企业数量也没发生显著变化。总的来说,本文的研究表明,税率的降低能够显著地刺激大部分企业的盈余管理行为,税率的升高虽然在一定程度上可以抑制企业的盈余管理行为,但是这种抑制作用并不显著,而相对稳定的税率则不会对企业的盈余管理行为产生显著影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important research field in positive accounting, earnings management has always been one of hot issues for researchers at home and abroad. But for a long time, most researches on earnings management have been foucusing on the factors in micro level such as enterprise behavior and few refers to the factors in macro level such as economy policy. Meanwhile China is a coutry which attaches great importance to macroeconomic control and therefore it must has some theoretical and actual value to research the inssue how macroeconomic polices will impact on enterprises’ earnings management behaviors. This thesis chosen tax policy which is one of macroeconomic policies closely related to enterprises to be the research object and specifically researched the inssue how the change of tax cost caused by the change of enterprise income tax policy would impact on enterprises’earnings management behaviors.First of all, the thesis redefined the concept of earnings management and analysed the characteristics and the advantages and disadvantages of earnings management from a new perspective. And on that basis, from the view of organizational behavior and using fraud triangle theory for reference, the thesis structured a theoretical framework containing such three factors as ability, motivation and opportunity for analysing earnings management. Then the thesis analysed the three factors advancedly mainly using contract theory and clarified the mechanism of the tax policy impacting on the enterprises’ earnings management behaviors. Secondly, the thesis reviewed the main literatures about earnings management at home and abroad from three aspects:corporate governance, tax policy and accounting principle. And these three research fields separately reflected the impacts on earnings management from the three factors:ability, motivation and opportunity. Also the thesis reviewed the literatures about identifying and measuring earnings management. All these reviewing works were to supply optional ideas and proper methods for the advancedly research. Thirdly, the thesis researched the inssue how the change of tax cost caused by the change of enterprise income tax policy in China in2008impacted on enterprises’ earnings management behaviors from such three aspects as magnitude, approach and frequency, using the methods such as multiple linear regression, two paired sample t test, frequence distribution method and etc, and taking listed companies in China’s A-share market as samples. Finally, the thesis summarized the research process and results, made a conclusion, and offerred proposals about making tax policy and governing earnings management.The research found that:(1) when the enterprises went into a low income tax rate period from a high income tax rate period, they would increase the magnitude of earnings management observably. And specifically, the magnitude of earnings management through taxable items increased observably but the magnitude of earnings management through non-taxable items had occurred with no significant change. Meanwhile, the number of enterprise which implemented earnings management in order to avoid loss grew observably after the income tax rate had declined.(2) When the enterprises went into a high income tax rate period from a low income tax rate period, they would decrease the magnitude of earnings management but it’s not statistically significant. And specifically, the magnitude of earnings management through taxable items decreased with no statistically significance and the magnitude of earnings management through non-taxable items increased with statistically significance. Meanwhile, the number of enterprise which implemented earnings management in order to avoid loss dropped after the income tax rate had rose but it’s not obvious.(3) When the enterprises were in a period with a relative stable income tax rate, the magnitude of earnings management didn’t change obviously. And specifically, the magnitude of earnings management through both taxable items and non-taxable items didn’t change obviously. Meanwhile the number of enterprise which implement earnings management in order to avoid loss didn’t change obviously too. In general, the research in this thesis shows that, the fall of income tax rate will stimulate most enterprises’ earnings management behaviors, the rise of income tax rate will restrain enterprises’ earnings management behaviors to some extent but it’s not obvious, and a relative stable income tax rate will not observably influence enterprises’earnings management behaviors.更多还原