【作者】 赵金亮；

【导师】 苏志宏；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 发展是人类历史演进的永恒主题,也是各民族和社会始终追求的目标。民族发展依托于一定的时代和空间环境,在内外部因素的共同作用下,实现其政治、经济、文化、社会的全面发展。民族的科学发展是科学发展观的有机组成部分。民族发展决定民族和国家的存在和发展,决定社会的稳定。综观世界各国,民族问题的最终解决还是要靠发展。少数民族和民族地区是我国不可或缺的重要组成部分。民族地区人口众多,地域广阔,边境线长,自然资源丰富,加快少数民族和民族地区的发展,是我国社会主义事业的本质要求,是我们党和政府民族理论和政策的基本出发点和归宿。中国共产党历代中央领导集体,在革命、建设和改革的各个不同时期,始终如一地从振兴中华民族的战略高度,从巩固和发展我国社会主义事业的高度,重视少数民族和民族地区的发展,坚持把马克思主义民族理论同中国民族发展的具体实际相结合,不断进行理论探索,不断推动实践发展,走出了一条具有中国特色处理民族发展问题的成功道路。在这90多年民族发展的伟大实践中,形成了毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛的具有中国特色的社会主义民族发展理论体系。中国特色社会主义民族发展理论,是中国特色社会主义理论的重要组成部分。中国特色社会主义民族发展理论,其发展内容、发展目标、发展的价值标准、发展原则在不同历史阶段各有侧重。毛泽东民族发展理论的形成和发展是马克思主义民族理论中国化的初步探索。毛泽东关于新民主主义革命和社会主义时期民族发展的理论,是中国特色社会主义民族发展理论确立的思想基础和理论起点。毛泽东民族发展理论侧重于民族政治上层建筑的变革和社会制度的改造,把民族社会制度改造的完成作为民族发展的重要目标和价值评价标准,引导中华各民族推翻了剥削压迫制度,建立了民族区域自治制度,确立了民族平等、团结互助和共同繁荣的基本原则和基本政策,使各民族人民在政治上获得了自由解放,开辟了具有中国特色的解决民族问题的正确道路。邓小平民族发展理论是中国特色社会主义民族发展理论创立与形成阶段,它主要回答和指导在中国这样一个经济文化落后的统一多民族国家里,在改革开放初期的社会历史条件下,加速推进我国少数民族地区社会主义现代化建设,尽快赶上先进民族的社会发展步划,实现各民族共同繁荣的问题。邓小平首次把生产力标准引入民族工作,把民族地区能不能发展起来作为观察少数民族地区一切工作得失成败的客观标准,把发展问题作为解决民族问题的主题,巩固和发展了平等团结互助的社会主义新型民族关系,提出“两个大局”的战略构想,其主旨在于进一步加快东中西部地区的发展,促进各民族共同繁荣。邓小平民族发展理论,为我们观察、思考和解决中国民族问题提供了一个实践基础和理论框架。江泽民进一步丰富与发展了中国特色社会主义民族发展理论,这主要体现在指导发展角度的根本转变上,它在实践中继承、发展了邓小平“两个大局”的发展战略,提出了面向二十一世纪的民族地区经济社会发展的具体目标和步骤,坚持在发展少数民族和民族地区经济与社会的实践中,有重点、分步骤、有计划地先沿海后内陆的社会主义共富观,实施西部大开发,推进民族发展进程。江泽民的民族发展理论蕴含在其“三个代表”的重要思想当中,是中国特色社会主义民族发展理论的丰富与发展阶段。时代进入新世纪,胡锦涛深刻把握前几任中央领导集体关于民族发展问题的基本理论,全面总结我党几十年来民族工作的成就和经验,大胆突破,勇于创新,提出了中国特色社会主义应该实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大理论和实际问题,把各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展作为民族工作的主题,坚持以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局,强调走以人为本、实现经济社会可持续发展的道路,从而把中国特色社会主义民族发展理论推向一个更高的阶段。胡锦涛民族发展理论是科学发展观的重要内容之一,是中国特色社会主义民族发展理论的深化与成熟阶段。论文遵循历史与逻辑相统一的原则,以对中国特色社会主义民族发展理论的起点与基础一毛泽东民族发展理论的分析为契入点,通过邓小平、江泽民和胡锦涛等领导人在我国社会主义改革、发展、建设的不同时期的民族发展理论创新的内容做详尽叙述,探寻他们民族发展理论形成的历史背景、创新的路径及其及重要特征。这种研究对于我们深刻理解中国特色社会主义民族发展历程、规律、特点、方向、内容,提高少数民族和民族地区贯彻落实科学发展观的自觉性,从而更科学、更协调、更全面地推进少数民族和民族地区现代化事业的发展,构建社会主义和谐社会,具有重要的理论意义和现实价值。论文分为三个部分,共六章。第一部分即是第一章,也是论文的绪论部分,主要阐述论文研究背景和意义、研究现状、研究方法；第二部分是论文的主体和重点内容,包括四个章节的内容,分别为毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛的民族发展理论,具体阐述以上相关理论形成的时代背景、重要内容、基本特征,说明这些理论是一脉相承的理论体系,它们各自在不同的社会历史阶段,为整体意义上的中国特色社会主义民族发展理论作出贡献,共同构成中国特色社会主义民族发展理论体系。第三部分为结论,也是最后一章,对中国特色社会主义民族发展理论创新发展作出展望,阐述了中国特色社会主义民族发展理论创新发展的基本原则及其目标选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 Development is the eternal theme in the evolution of human history and the permanent goal pursued by all ethnic groups and societies. Ethnic development relies on the interaction of both internal and external factors in a particular time and space, and aims to materialize the all-round political, economic, cultural and social development, which is manifested in both the accumulation of quantity and the uplifting of quality. As the organic component of scientific outlook on development, scientific national development determines the existence and development of ethnics as well as social stability. A comprehensive survey of different countries in the world reveals that the ultimate resolution of ethnic problems still depends on development.Minority and minority areas are the indispensable part of our country. Minority areas have a large population, a vast territory, a long frontier and rich natural resources. To speed up the development of minority and minority areas are the essential requirement of our socialist course as well as the fundamental starting point and the end result of ethnic theories and policies of our Party and government. During different periods of China’s revolution, construction and reform, the successive generations of central collective leadership, from the strategic height of rejuvenating the Chinese nation and the height of consolidating and further advancing our socialist course, invariably attach great importance to the development of minority and minority areas, adhere to combining the Marxist ethnic theory with the basic reality of the Chinese people, constantly make theoretic explorations, keep promoting practice and development, and successfully blaze a path in resolving ethnic development problems with Chinese characteristics. The ethnic development theory of socialism with Chinese characteristic, which includes the thoughts of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jingtao, has taken shape in the great practice of ethnic development over the past90years.The ethnic development theory of socialism with Chinese characteristic is an important part of the socialist theory with Chinese characteristics. It has placed particular focuses on the contents, goals, value standards of development and historical standing respectively in different historical periods. The formation and development of Mao Zedong Thought concerning ethnic development is the initiative exploration of localizing Marxist ethnic theory in China, and Mao’s theory about New Democratic Revolution and socialist ethnic development is the ideological basis and theoretical starting point of the socialist theory of ethnic development with Chinese characteristics. Mao’s development theory particularly stresses the reform of ethnic politics’superstructure and the transformation of social system, regards the accomplishment of the latter as the important goal of ethnic development and value assessment standard, leads the ethnic groups in overthrowing the system of exploitation and oppression in China, establishes the regional ethnic autonomy, formulates the fundamental principles and policies of ethnic equality, unity, mutual aid and common prosperity, thus politically liberating all the nations and breaking the right path of resolving ethnic problems with Chinese Characteristics. Deng Xiaoping’s theory of ethnic development is the establishment and formation of the socialist theory of ethnic development with Chinese characteristics.It mainly offers the answers and guidance to the following questions:how to resolve the task of socialist modernization in ethnic areas, how to catch up with the social development of advanced nations, how to realize common prosperity of different nations. Deng introduces productivity standards to ethnic work, takes the successful development of minority areas as the objective criterion to observe all the work in minority areas, makes development the theme of solving ethnic problems, consolidates and develops the new socialist ethnic relationship of equality, unity and mutual aid, and puts forth the strategic conception of "Two Overall Situations", which aims to further quicken the development of eastern, central and western parts of China and promote common prosperity of nations. Deng’s theory of ethnic development provides us with a practical basis and theoretical framework of observing, reflecting and resolving ethnic problems in China. During the era of Jiang Zemin, the enrichment and advance of the socialist ethnic development theory with Chinese characteristics is mainly manifested in the fundamental shift in the perspective of guiding development. It further enriches and develops Deng’s development strategies of Two Overall Situations in practice, brings forth specific goals and procedures of socioeconomic development in ethnic areas towards the21st century, adheres to common prosperity concept in ethnic development and socioeconomic practice in minority areas; implements the western development, and accelerates the process of common prosperity. In the new century, based on a profound understanding of the previous theories about ethnic development and a comprehensive summary of achievements and experience in ethnic work over the past50years, the CPC Central Committee with HuJintao as General Secretary, with courageous breakthroughs and continuous innovations, bring forth the major theoretical and practical problems such as "what kind of development should be achieved in the socialism with Chinese characteristics, and how to develop it", and take common unity and strivings, common prosperity and common development as the theme of ethnic work, persist in commanding the socioeconomic development with scientific development concept, firmly establish and thoroughly apply the scientific outlook on development, thus pushing the socialist theory of ethnic development with Chinese characteristics to a higher stage. Hu’s theory of ethnic development is an important part of scientific outlook on development and also the deepening and mature stage of the socialist theory of ethnic development with Chinese characteristics.Abiding by the principles of unification of history and logic, this dissertation starts with the analysis of Mao’s theory about ethnic development, then gives an introductory explanation of the innovations of Deng’s, Jiang’s and Hu’s theories about ethnic development in different times background, and explores the historical context, innovations and major features of these theories. This research is of great theoretical significance and practical value in deepening our understanding of ethnic development’s process, law, characteristics, orientation and contents, further enhancing the minorities’consciousness of applying the scientific outlook of development in minority areas, promoting the development of modernization course of ethnic groups and minority areas in a more scientific, more balanced and more overall way, and thus constructing a harmonious socialist society.This dissertation consists of three parts and six chapters. In Part One, Chapter One serves as the introduction to research background and research significance, research status and research methods. In Part Two, the four chapters serve as the body and respectively deal with the theories of Mao Zhedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zeming and Hu Jingtao concerning ethnic development. Giving a concrete exposition of the times background, key contents and basic characteristics of these theories, the author points out that they come down in one continuous line, and that they respectively contribute to the socialist theory of ethnic development with Chinese characteristics in different social and historical stages, and thus constitute together the socialist theoretical system of ethnic development with Chinese characteristics. In Part Three, the last chapter serves as the conclusion and tries to give a prospect of the innovative development of this theory system, and expounds the fundamental principles and target selection for this innovation.更多还原