【作者】 王明霞；

【导师】 闵春发；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 构建社会主义和谐社会是当代中国一项十分重要的系统工程,要把我国建设成为一个“民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会。”需要社会各项系统、各要素都相互协调、相互促进、和谐发展,需要处理内外矛盾、不断满足社会公众物质精神文化需要,推动我国经济社会全面协调可持续发展,这是巩固我们党的执政地位,完成党的执政使命的根本要求。首先,通过探讨社会主义和谐社会、制度正义、公民美德的内涵,揭示了和谐社会对公民美德和制度正义的诉求。制度正义是人类孜孜不倦的追求目标,它通过科学合理的制度设计和运行,在社会中进行公平正义的制度安排和调节各种利益关系,合理分配社会权利和义务关系。制度正义包含着制度本身的正义和制度运行的正义,是和谐社会构建的制度环境和价值诉求。公民美德是人类在长期的共同生产、生活实践中产生和形成的,它是人类美好生活的反映,其实质会随着社会共同体的变迁而发生改变。在社会主义民主政治建设中,公民美德内涵应该体现在公民积极参与公共生活实践以及在此过程中表现出来的诸如公共参与、平等、宽容、正义感、互助、社会责任感、爱国主义及文明礼貌等品质美德,这些美德是可以在教化与亲身体验感悟中得以建立的。实现社会和谐,要呼唤制度正义和公民美德,这两者既是社会主义和谐社会的内在要求和重要特征,又是构建和谐社会的必要条件和重要支撑。其次,通过对制度正义与公民美德逻辑关联考察,找到两者的同质性和差异性,正是他们之间在功能和特性上同质性和差异性的存在,才使得二者之间有互动的可能性和必要性,形成相互促进、互补互利的互动关系；通过对制度正义与公民美德相互关系认识历程的历史梳理与系统总结,再到对马克思关于制度正义与个体的价值之间逻辑关系认识的深化探讨,使西方一直以来虚无缥缈的“永恒正义”找到了现实基出路——物质生产实践和社会关系的发展,从神学和人的意识回归到了社会现实条件中,找到了切实可行的通道,这也为我们在这个领域进一步的研究开辟了新的道路。接着,本文具体地探究在社会主义和谐社会中制度正义与公民美德之间作用关系,分析了在制度正义与公民美德之间存在着的复杂相互关系。一方面,制度正义是公民美德养成的重要生态环境、价值导向、制度平台以及催化剂；另一方面,公民美德是制度正义形成的基本内核,实现的先决条件、重要保证和促进制度正义不断发展的动力资源,这两者之间能够实现良性互动,对建设社会主义和谐社会有着重要的意义,是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然途径。它们之间的良性互动可以合理公平的调节各种利益分配,协调个体之间及个体与共同体之间的权利义务关系,使他们始终处于相对稳定发展的态势,有利于奠定和谐社会的伦理基础和建立和谐的社会关系。再次,本文根据马克思主义唯物史观找到了如何在社会主义和谐社会中实现制度正义与公民美德互动的路径,即：制度创新和公民参与。无论是制度创新还是公民参与都是动态的实践和发展过程,它们共同架起了制度正义与公民美德互动的桥梁。一方面公民可以通过积极和理性的参与,监督当前制度正义的实施运行,发现问题,提出质询；另一方面政府吸收公民的建议,促使制度创新,使制度更符合随着社会进步而不断发展的公平正义的价值,与时俱进,让制度无限趋向于公平正义,这样利于符合时代背景的正义制度不断被建立,又会促进公民美德的提升。随着公民美德素质地不断提升,公民既会提高公共德行素质及参政议政的能力和积极性,又会更加理性的作用于社会民主政治的发展,促进制度正义和公民美德实现良性互动,推进社会公平正义的发展,为社会主义和谐社会的构建而奠定牢靠的根基。最后,通过分析当前我国存在的不利于制度正义与公民美德互动的因素,如：制度供给的不足及滞后性、制度运行的非正义现象、公民参与保障机制的不完善及公民美德的缺失等问题的存在,希冀找到解决这些问题的方法。通过一系列的渠道和制度环节的建立和完善,公民和相关政府部门的积极参与和回应,最终实现两者的良性互动。一方面,通过具备美德公民的积极参与到制度设计和制度实施中,使设计的制度既符合共同体公共利益要求又能保证共同体中每个公民的合法权益,实现制度本身的正义；另一方面,拥有美德的公民积极监督和践行正义制度的实施,形成社会制约权力,实现制度运行的正义。公民在积极参与社会公共事业的实践中,可以潜移默化地将社会制度的公平正义的理念内化于心,成为一种美德习惯。因此,当前在强调学校系统化德育的同时,应重视制度建设,创造条件,扩展和疏通公民参与的渠道,鼓励公民参与理性地参与到公共事业中,让德育扩展到公共生活这个更为广阔的实践空间中,发挥主体性,平等的享有权利,以主人翁的心态履行公共责任,自觉养成公共品德,提升德性素质和能力,最终在社会发展中实现社会公平正义与公民的卓越的德性品质,为构建和谐社会奠定重要根基。更多还原

【Abstract】 Building a socialist harmonious society is a systems project. It is important that the various elements of socialism in the system are able to coordinate with each other to promote the development of society. To build China into a democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, sincerity, amity, vitality, stability and order, harmony between man and nature, society, Which is to consolidate the party’s ruling status, the achievement of the party’s historic task, dealing with internal and external conflicts continue to meet the public material and spiritual needs, to promote the comprehensive development of China’s economic and social reality of the needs and fundamental requirement.First of all, this thesis elaborates the connotation of harmonious socialist society, the system of justice, civic virtue. It is necessary for Harmonious society to earn the double support from system Justice and civic virtue. They are both the inherent requirements of a harmonious socialist society and important feature is to build the necessary conditions and an important support for the foundation of a harmonious society. The system of justice is a human tireless pursuit of goals. It is fairness and justice in society through scientific and rational system designing, operation arrangements, adjusting the social interest, and the distribution of social rights and obligations, which includes justice of system justice itself and the justice of the system running. It is the important institutional environment and the pursuit of goals to build a harmonious society. Civic virtue is the human formation of long-term co-production, the practice of life, which is a reflection of the common human life. The socialist connotations of civic virtue should be reflected in the active participation of citizens in public life practice manifested in this process, such as public participation, equality, tolerance, a sense of justice, mutual aid, social responsibility, patriotism and civility, politeness quality virtue. All these virtues can be established in the enlightenment and personal experience sentiment.Secondly, through the system of justice and civic virtue logic associated expedition is to find both the homogeneity and differences. That is interactive possibility and necessity, forming to promote each other, complementary and mutually beneficial interactive relationships. Then the thesis is to combine ancient Greece to the modern history of the development of the relationship between the system of justice and civic virtue and summary, to explore Marx deepens the understanding of the logical relationship between the value of the system of justice and individual. Marx had made Western illusory "eternal justice" find a basis in reality and return to the conditions of social reality, from the theological and human consciousness.Then, the relationship between the system justice and civic virtue is very complex. On the one hand, system justice is the institutional environment, orientation, and catalyst for civic virtue development, on the other hand, civic virtue is also important for system justice. It is not only an important resource for system justice, but also a driving force for the development of system justice. The analysis of their interaction will contribute to a more comprehensive and deeper understanding of their interaction rules, and also help to lay the value basis of harmonious society with system and virtue.Next, according to the Marxist materialist view of history to study how to achieve a system of justice in a socialist harmonious society and civic virtue interactive ways, namely: institutional innovation and civic engagement. Both institutional innovation and civic participation is a dynamic practice and development process, to set up a system of justice and civic virtue interactive bridge together. Citizens through positive and rational participation supervise the implementation and operation of the current system of justice, and found a new problem, challenge. Through absorbing the Citizen’s Advice, government can promote institutional innovation, and make the system more in line with social progress and the continuous development of equity and justice. So it can establish the justice system of meeting the historical background and promote the upgrading of civic virtue.Finally, through the analysis of the Existing factors in our country that is not conducive to the system of justice and civic virtue interaction, such as:lack of institutional supply and lag, the injustice of the system running, the imperfect of citizens to participate in the protection mechanism and lack of civic virtue, the study want to find solutions of these problems, and promote positive interaction between citizens and governments. On the one hand, with the virtues of citizens actively participate in the system design and implementation to make system design consistent with the public interest requirements of the Community and achieve the justice of the system itself; On the other hand, the virtue of citizens actively oversee and practice the implementation of the justice system, the formation of the social constraints of power to realize the justice system running. Finally, citizens in the practice of active participation in the social and public utilities subtle about the concept of fairness and justice within the social system of the heart, become a virtue habits, and ultimately in society both to achieve excellence in social equity and justice and civic virtue quality.更多还原