【作者】 袁建军；

【导师】 金太军；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 政治学理论， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 处于转型时期的攻坚阶段和风险社会的现实是中国当前突发公共事件频发的深刻背景。多元社会主体协同应对突发公共事件已成为基本共识。其中,企业的力量虽受到一定程度的重视,但尚待深入推动。本文的研究就是试图通过研究应对突发公共事件中政府和企业互动来推动企业的参与,形成政企良性互动、危机有效治理的局面。本文力求在吸收和借鉴当前国内外相关研究成果的基础上寻求突破,试从常态下政府与企业交换互动关系入手,分析突发公共事件应对中的互动模式、场景、过程、困境,并进而提出进一步构建政府和企业良性互动机制的建议。以价值-资源-影响力-交换为核心要素的政府和企业交换框架,为理解常态下政府与企业的互动关系提供了一个有力的分析视角。突发公共事件应对中政府和企业的互动与两者的交换关系存在一定的契合。在政府和企业交换的分析框架中,价值内在限定了政府和企业的行为域,预设了两者交互作用的集合；政府和企业各自的资源结构与水平为其价值的实现提供了潜在可能；影响力则是这种潜在可能向现实转变的中介力量,它通过比对行动者力量来揭示原本毫无现实关联的行动者交往的未来,从而降低不确定性带来的风险；交换行为则是政府和企业理性互动的结果表现之一,是具有一定时间跨度的持续性互惠行为。运用政府和企业交换的分析框架,当前突发公共事件应对中政府和企业的互动关系,可被概括为信息控制、自由裁量、制度供给和身份认定等四种交换模式。信息控制模式是突发公共事件应对中政府和企业交换最为常见的形态,它依赖于双方对信息的控制。自由裁量模式建立在政府和企业各自的权力基础上,以权力行使的自由空间为交换的资源。制度供给模式是突发公共事件应对中政府和企业四种交换模式中最为开放和透明的一个,它为政府和企业的交换提供了正当性辩护。身份认定模式建立在依附于身份资格的利益基础上,其核心在于身份资格的巨大利益价值及其背后的社会关系。每一种交换模式都有其内在的运作逻辑。从文本规范、角色定义和问题评判角度分析互动的场景、过程和困境会更有助于深入把握应对突发公共事件中政府和企业的互动。政府和企业的互动场景主要分布在突发公共事件应对的减缓、准备、响应和恢复等各阶段；政府和企业的互动与企业作为事件源头方、事件波及方和事件协助方的不同角色有关,但都包括慎思、表达、响应和反馈等基本行为过程；政府和企业的互动困境主要表现为信息共享基础薄弱、资源整合效率不高和责任承担模糊不清等三大方面。交换分析框架为理解政府和企业互动困境提供了有益的视角。主要表现为政府和企业价值诉求及其内在根深蒂固的一致与分歧；政府和企业在风险认知与应对方面固守于传统和经验,并走向趋利化；交换场域的非规范化,包括分工协作程度差、互动耦合度低等；交换行为的闭合程度高,即传统行政命令方式和全能政府的延续。推进应对突发公共事件中政府和企业良性互动机制的构建,需要调整政府和企业在突发公共事件应对中的工具价值,实现价值的规训与祛媚；建立有效的资源互补机制,主要包括建立基于电子政务的、公私合作的资源调度平台、应急产业市场以及公平合理的风险和成本分担机制；建立动态平衡的政府和企业相互影响机制,使之在网络化危机治理体制的基础上推行常态化的危机管理,塑造共识型的安全文化；建立政府和企业的开放互动机制,避免封闭性的缺陷。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reality of during a crucial stage of transition period and risk society is the deep background of current public emergency which is frequent outbreak. It has become the basic requirements in crisis management that diverse social subjects coordinating responsing to public emergency. Among them, the power of enterprise has been taken by a certain degree of attention, but there are also a lot of problems. This thesis attempts to promote the participation of enterprise, formate positive interaction and effective crisis management, with the research on the interaction between government and corporate responding to public emergencies.The paper sought to seek a breakthrough by absorbing the current research, beginning with researh on the exchange relationship between the government and enterprises under normal situation, analyzing the interactive mode, scene, process, problems and its cause in coping with the public emergencies, and improving some proposal on the interaction mechanism between government and corporate.The exchange framework between government and corporate, which has the core elements of value-resources-influence-government, provides a powerful analytical perspective for the understanding of the interaction between government and enterprises under normal situation. There is a certain fit between the coordination and the exchange relationship of the government and corporate in dealing with public emergencies. In the framework of the exchange relationship between government and corporate, the value inherent limite the domain of government and corporate, default set of interaction between them; the resource structure and level of government and corporate provides a potential realization of the value; influence is the intermediary forces of the potential shift to reality, which reveal the future of the exchange amonge the actors which do not have any reality association, by comparing the strength of them; thereby reducing the risks of uncertainty; the exchange behavior, which is one of the results of rational interactive between government and enterprise, is a persistent reciprocity behavior in a certain time.Using the analysis framework, the current interaction between government and corporate public responsing to emergencies, can be summarized as four exchange mode, which are the mode of information control, discretion, system supply and identity determination. The information control mode is the most common form of exchange ralationship between government and corporate in dealing with public emergencies, which depends on the information.control by both of them. Discretionary model is built on the basis of the respective powers of the government and corporate, which shift the free space of power exercising to the exchange resources. The system supply mode is the most open and transparent one among the four exchange model, which provides justification for the exchange of government and corporate. The identity determination mode built on the basis of interest which attached to identity qualified, its core is the huge interests and underlying social relations lying on the identity qualification. Each exchange mode has its inherent operational logic.It will be help for understanding the interaction of government and corporate responding to public emergencies, that analyzing interactive scenes, process and plight with the angle from text specification, role definition and problem appraisal. Interactive scenes of government and enterprise are mainly distributed in the stage of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery in dealing with public emergencies; the interaction between government and enterprise is influenced by the role of enterprise plays in responding to public emergencies, such as the role of event source, the affected and the assistant, but all of them include the basic course of deliberative, expression, response and feedback; the performance of interactive plight between government and enterprise are the weak of information sharing foundation, inefficient resource integration and the ambiguous of responsibility.The exchange analysis framework provides a useful perspective for understanding the interactive plight of government and business. It can be expressed as:the ingrained consistent with differences in the value aspiration and its inherent between government and corporate; sticking to the tradition and experience in risk perception and response; the non-standardized exchange field, including the low degree of the work division and interaction coupling; the high degree of exchange behavior, which means the continuation of the traditional executive order and the mode of omnipotent government.To build a positive interaction mechanism between government and enterprise responsing to public emergencies, we need to adjust the value of them; to establish effective mechanism for complementary resources, including a public-private partnerships resource scheduling platform, which based on e-government, emergency industrial markets as well as a fair and reasonable risk and cost-sharing mechanism; to establish dynamic equilibrium interaction mechanism between government and corporate, for the implementation of the norm crisis management based on the system of the network governance, shaping the consensus-safety culture; to establish an open coordination mechanisms between government and corporate, avoiding the defect of closure.更多还原