【作者】 莫光辉；

【导师】 桂胜；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 社会学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 贫困伴随着人类社会发展进程,人类社会面对的贫困问题是一个内涵十分广泛的社会问题和研究领域,可以从不同学科、不同视角进行解读。在历史发展、地理环境、自然资源、社会制度、贫困程度等时空差异的现实世界中,在不同的区域社会和时间节点上,不同地区、不同国家,甚至是同一地区和同一国家的反贫困措施也有所区别,因为处于贫困境遇中的贫困人口的贫困状态千差万别,贫困人口的扶贫需求差异明显。而人类社会反贫困的立足点和出发点又是一致的,就是要使贫困人口实现脱贫目标。纵观人类社会的反贫困实践,不管是哪种扶贫模式,其扶贫任务要真正取得成效,必须重视贫困人口自我发展能力培养,只有贫困人口自身素质和脱贫致富能力提高了,贫困问题才能够从根本上得到解决。从我国的扶贫历程来看,贫困群体主要分布集中在中西部欠发达的农村地区,农村贫困人口的脱贫问题也一直以来是我国扶贫工作的重点。本文选择少数民族地区聚居县,同时也一度是国家扶贫开发工作重点县的广西壮族自治区天等县农村贫困人口为研究对象,天等县壮族人口占到了全县人口总数的96%左右,从1986年以来,天等县一直是我国扶贫开发工作重点县。文中应用社会学的风险社会理论和理性选择理论切入我国少数民族地区农村贫困问题研究,通过采用文献研究法、问卷调查研究法、质性研究方法等研究方法对壮族聚居县的天等县农村贫困问题和农民创业状况进行了实证调查和统计分析。首先,论文介绍了少数民族地区天等县的经济社会发展历史进程及发展现状,以天等县农村贫困人口为调查样本,归纳了少数民族地区农村区域贫困特征和农民个体贫困的基本特征,总结了制约少数民族地区农村贫困的主观因素和客观因素,指出了贫困与社会风险存在互为影响的关系。其次,论文还分析了创业型经济与区域社会贫困缓解之间的关系,在国家全民创业政策驱动和创业型经济已经发展成为我国经济新的增长点的背景下,农民创业也迎来了蓬勃发展生机。论文认为,创业型经济是我国农村区域社会发展变迁的重要变革力量,农民创业有利于农村贫困缓解。论文还归纳了天等县农民创业者的基本特征及其农民创业的作用效应,指出了少数民族地区农民创业与农村扶贫之间的相互促进关系,认为少数民族地区农民创业促进农村扶贫事业发展,少数民族地区农村扶贫进程营造了农民创业的良好环境。最后,论文提出,农民创业是增强农村贫困人口脱贫致富能力的新途径,新时期的农村扶贫开发模式需要实现农民创业与国家扶贫开发政策有效衔接的共生机制,通过农民创业提升农村贫困人口的自我发展能力,不断推进我国农民创业活动和扶贫开发事业的互动、共赢和发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Poverty has accompanied the development of human society. The poverty human society faces is a widely connotated social problem and research field, which can be interpreted through different subjects and perspectives. In the real world, there are Spatio-temporal inequalities caused by the development of history, the geographic environment, natural resource, social system and the level of poverty. Thus, the solution towards poverty varied from country to country, area to area according to varied regional areas and time nodes. The poor population’s demands towards poverty reduction differ because their situation are different. But the standing point and the starting point of poverty reduction are alike, which is to help the poor population improve their living conditions. According to the poverty reduction practice, whatever the pattern of alleviation is, the most important point is to encourage their self-developing competence. Only the quality and self-improving compearance of the poor population are ameliorated, can poverty be eliminated forever.According to the process of Chinese poverty reduction, most of the poor population inhabit in the underdeveloped middle and western rural areas and the reduction of poverty among rural poor population is always the most important task. This paper chooses the poor population in ethnic-living Tiandeng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the research object. The county was once the main object of Chinese poverty reduction. Tiandeng county has about96%zhuang population of the total population, since1986, Tiandeng county has always been the main object of development-oriented rural poverty reduction in our country.The Risk Society Theory and the Rational Choice Theory of sociology are applied to the study of poverty in the ethnic minority areas. Literature research method, questionnaire survey, qualitative researching are adopted to have an empirical investigation and statistical analysis on the poverty and peasants entrepreneurship in Tiandeng County.Firstly,The paper introduces minority areas about Tiandeng County historical process and current situation of the development of county economic and social development, take Tiandeng counties rural poverty population as the sample, summarizes the ethnic minority areas characteristic poverty in rural areas and farmers individual basic features of poverty, summarizes the restriction of ethnic minority areas rural poverty subjective factors and objective factors. The paper points out that there is interacting relationship between poverty and social risks. Secondly, the paper further analyzes the relationship between the entrepreneurial economy and the regional poverty reduction.Peasants entrepreneurship becomes prosperous with the entrepreneurial economy has been the new Chinese economic growth point. The paper sums up the essential characteristics of the peasants entrepreneurship in Tiandeng County and their effects of action. The paper holds the view that national entrepreneurship policy driven and entrepreneurial economy is the vital reforming strength for the rural social transition and the peasants entrepreneurship can ease the rural poverty. Then the paper pointed out that the ethnic minority areas farmers mutual promotion of the relationship between entrepreneurship and rural poverty alleviation, think minority areas farmers’ entrepreneurship promoting rural poverty through development, ethnic minority areas rural poverty reduction process to create the good environment of farmer entrepreneurship.Finally, the paper states the point that peasants entrepreneurship is a new approach to reinforcing rural poor population’s competence of poverty reduction. The patterns of development-oriented rural poverty reduction in the new era require the effective interface of peasants entrepreneurship and related national policies. Thus we can promote the self-developing competence of rural poor population through peasants entrepreneurship and propel the symbiosis mechanism interaction, win-win cooperation and mutual development between peasants entrepreneurship activities and development-oriented rural poverty reduction program.更多还原