【作者】 鲁长安；

【导师】 顾海良；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 乔尔·科威尔是在中国鲜为人知的美国生态社会主义的重要代表。2001年和2009年,他和法国的迈克尔·洛威(Michael LOwy)合作,先后发布了《生态社会主义宣言》和《贝伦生态社会主义宣言》。2002年,科威尔在其绿色经典著作《自然的敌人：资本主义的终结还是世界的终结》中,指控资本是生态危机的直接原因,鲜明地提出了“资本是自然的敌人”这一著名观点。进而,他通过深刻剖析“自然的控制”这一思想根源,预想了生态社会主义的历史图景：“生产者的自由联合”。本文旨在通过对科威尔有关资本的生态批判进行系统性解读,发掘其中蕴含的的革命型生态社会主义思想,这有利于中国学人和健在的西方生态社会主义思想家们展开学术交流对话,减少隔膜,共同开发人类思想宝库,回应时代课题,携手建设生态文明。本文的构建具有严密的逻辑性。遵循马克思主义方法论的基本原则,除导论外,将论文的主体划分为七章：第一章主要阐述科威尔生态社会主义思想的人生历程及其生态社会主义思想的理论源泉。全面考察科威尔的学术生涯和政治生涯,准确定位科威尔生态社会主义思想的理论源泉,即：马克思主义、自然哲学、生态女性主义和本体论,并厘清奥康纳与福斯特对科威尔的影响及关系。第二章主要阐述科威尔对资本的批判。通过考察共同结构性力量所展示的双重维度的现象：全球性生态危机与社会崩溃性危机,剖析并批判自然的敌人与人类的刽子手：资本,揭示资本的反生态本质与资本主义的癌性增长,从而得出一个马克思主义的科学结论：资本主义世界体制正在历史性地走向崩溃。第三章主要阐述科威尔关于控制自然的思想。主要考察生态学与人类自然、自然的性别分歧以及资本与自然的控制。第四章主要阐述科威尔关于批判资本主义生态政治学的思想。他主要从批判新亚当·斯密主义和社区经济学等绿色经济学；批判深层生态学、生物区域主义、生态女性主义和社会生态学等生态哲学；批判民主、民粹主义和法西斯主义等三个方面展开批判。第五章主要阐述科威尔关于实现生态社会主义路径的思想。其具体内容包括：批判传统社会主义、阐述生态社会主义变革的一般模式、生态社会主义动员的四种类型和生态社会主义政党的建立等等。第六章主要阐述科威尔对生态社会主义的预想。其主要观点包括：关于弟兄会团体社区的案例分析、对生态社会主义中使用价值至上和生态中心生产的预想、阐述生态社会主义的建设原则等等。第七章主要阐述科威尔生态社会主义思想的历史评价与当代价值。科威尔生态社会主义思想的历史贡献主要在于：深刻批判了资本主义、系统建构了革命型生态社会主义理论、进一步发展了马克思主义。其理论局限主要在于：对资本主义基本矛盾的阐释偏离了马克思主义；对生态社会主义的预想具有绿色乌托邦色彩；对生态社会主义实现路径的设想不一定具有可行性。其当代价值主要在于:科学认识人与自然的关系；充分发挥社会主义的制度优势建设美丽中国、努力实现人与自然的科学发展构建和谐社会。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jove Kovel is an important representative of American ecosocialism but rarely known by people in China. In2001and2009, he composed and published the Declaration of Ecosocialism and Declaration of Belem Ecosocialism together with Michael LOwy. In2002, Jove Kovel pointed out sharply in his classic green work The Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? that "capital is the enemy of nature". Then he predicted "free association of producers " as the blueprint of ecosocialism by analyzing the ideological roots of "domination of nature" profoundly. This paper aims to explore Jove Kovel’s revolutionary ecosocialist ideas inside his works by illustrating his ecocriticism on capital systemically, which is food for us to conduct academic exchanges with western ecosocialist, lower barriers, develop human thoughts, respond to the issue of the epoch and build a conservation culture together.This paper, which follows Marxist methodology basic principles, consists of seven chapters in rigorous logic:The first chapter mainly discusses the life course of Joel Kovel’s ecosocialism and its theoretical sources. This part introduces Joel Kovel’s academic career and political career comprehensively, and explains the theoretical sources of Joel Kovel’s ecosocialism:Marxism, natural philosophy, eco-feminism and ontology accurately. Moreover, this part also reviews O’Connor and Foster influence on Kovel and their relations.The second chapter is about Joel Kovel’s ideological criticism on capitalist ecological politics. Through investigating the double dimension phenomena:global ecological crisis and social breakdown, and analyzing the enemy of nature and human’s executioner:capital, and revealing capital’s anti-ecological core and capitalism’ cancerous growth, this part bears an Marxist scientific conclusion:the capitalist world system is historically collapsing. The third chapter introduces Joel Kovel’s thoughts on the domination of nature. This part mainly explores the ecology and human nature, the gendered bifurcation of nature, and the domination of capital as well as nature.The forth chapter deals with Joel Kovel’s thought on the criticism of eco-politics. This part follows his threefold criticism on green economics like the new Adam Smith doctrine and community economics, on deep ecology, bioregionalism, eco-feminism and on democracy, populism and fascism.The fifth chapter illustrates Joel Kovel’s thoughts on the ecosocialist path. In detail, the criticism of traditional socilism, the introduction of the general model of ecosociali st transformation, four instances and patterns of eco-socialist mobilization, the foundation of the ecosocialist party are included.The sixth chapter is Joel Kovel’s predication on ecosocialism.The main viewpoints in this part are:the case analysis of Bruderhof, the prediction of use value dominates exchange value and ecocentric production in ecosocialism, the elaboration of principles to build ecosocialist society, and so on.The seventh chapter assesses the historical contributions and contemporary values of Joel Kovel’s ecosocialist ideology. His historical contributions are:the profound criticism on capitalism, the systematic construction of a revolutionary type of ecosocialist theory and further development of Marxism. His theoretical limitations are:the explanation of the basic contradiction of capitalism distracts from the Marxist point, the predication on ecosocialism is something of a green utopia, the imagination of ecosocialist path may be infeasible. Finally, his contemporary values lie in understanding the relationship between human and nature scientifically, bringing the advantages of socialism into full play to create a beautiful China and building a society in which human and nature can develop harmoniously.更多还原