【作者】 程娟娟；

【导师】 李锡龙；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 土地改革运动是中国现代历史进程中的重大事件，以平分土地为中心重建乡村政治秩序，改造了传统的文化观念。土改运动在政策上的变动和现实的复杂，带来了土改文学的丰富性。本文力图在收集史料和文本细读的基础上，从历时性和共时性的角度，对于土改文学做一次较为全面的梳理，勾勒出不同历史阶段叙事模式的演进过程，揭示出文学叙述与政治语境的复杂关联。导论部分简要梳理了土改文学的发展概况、研究历史与现状。土改文本蕴含着丰富的信息，它的沉默空白处隐藏着被意识形态压抑的真相，透过文本叙事层面的解读，文学自身的发展演变与外部因素的关系得以揭示。第一章介绍了四五十年代土改政策的调整，土改文学在四十年代、五十至七十年代、新时期三个阶段的发展概况，考察创作主体如何在意识形态的指引下表达现实，揭示文学批评机制对小说创作主题、叙事层面的规训与控制，探讨在当代文学中新历史主义、人道主义以及港台文化背景下的土改叙事，对多元文化背景下不同立场的土改书写进行了比较分析。不同的文学叙事是承载着不同意识形态功能的文本，它们在情节结构和叙事立场上构成了互文性。第二章按时间顺序梳理土改叙事模式的产生、发展与演变，解放区出现的是以阶级斗争为主线的翻身故事，展示了在工作队的领导下，农民团结起来斗争地主的过程，确立了革命叙事的经典范式。五十至七十年代的土改叙事在既定叙事成规的限制下日益僵化，叙事中强化了思想路线的斗争，农民天生的革命性和地主政治的反动性。新时期的土改小说则颠覆了典型的情节模式，出现的是“循环暴力”的叙事方式，呈现出“非时间化”的叙事时间、底层化的叙事眼光、客观中立的叙事态度以及非线性发展的故事情节。第三章探讨了土改叙事中农民文化心理上发生的重大变迁，外来的阶级观念强烈地冲击固有的血缘地缘意识，农民的思想价值观念得以重塑。人们长久以来被压抑的屈辱感一扫而光，体验到了翻身做主人的快感，乡村展开的启蒙教育破除了落后的封建观念，人们开始建立新的生活观念。不过，农民的小生产者意识和对权威的崇拜心理依然延续下来，土改中人们的精神世界既出现了新的因子，又承袭着传统的内核，呈现出新旧杂糅的状态。第四章通过分析地主、农民、知识分子的形象塑造揭示人物设置的微妙复杂的叙事策略。在早期的土改小说叙事中，人物描写呈现出脸谱化和概念化的倾向，在新时期的叙事中出现了角色上的反转，丰富了人物形象的内涵。地主是经济剥削、政治反动、道德败坏的典型恶霸形象，农民成为道德和正义的化身，是革命的重要力量。知识分子则扮演着尴尬的角色，他们从启蒙者成为了学习者，需要在革命的熔炉中锻炼成长。第五章探讨了《暴风骤雨》与《东北日报》的互动关系，分析了《暴风骤雨》以及其他土改作品的版本变迁问题，作家对文本的不断修改反映出在外界政治环境的约束下作家自动的调整与适应。而这种修改只是迎合了新的文学规范，破坏了作品的内涵的丰富性，遮蔽了人性的复杂化，在艺术层面的提高微乎其微。结语中介绍了土改文学对现代乡土小说的承袭和流变，从主题形态、价值观念、艺术选择三个方面对土改文学作整体的总结评价。土改文学蕴含着丰富的政治、历史、文化内涵，由于反映了土地与农民血脉相连的关系而获得了长久的生命力，对于当下的中国社会仍然具有一定的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The land reform movement was a major event in the course of modern Chinesehistory. It rebuilt the rural political order by equal distribution of land and changedthe traditional cultural values. The policy changes and the complex reality of the landreform movement had brought the richness of the land reform literature. This papertries to give a more comprehensive combing to the land reform literature on the basisof historical data collecting and text reading, from a diachronic and synchronic pointof view, outlines the evolution of the narrative mode in different historical periods,thereupon reveals the association between the literary narrative and the politicalcontext.The introduction section briefly combed the literature development of land reform,the reseach hiatory and current sitution. Land reform literature contains richinformation, its silent and blank space has hidden the truth suppressed by the ideology.Through the interpretation of the text narrative level, the relationship between theevolution of the literature itself and external factors can be revealed.The first chapter introduces the adjustment of land reform policy in the forties andfifties, and the development of land reform literature in the forties, fifties to theseventies, and the new period. It studies how the author presents reality under theguidance of ideology, reveals how the literary criticism mechanism disciplines andcontrols the creative theme and the narrative. It also discusses the land reformnarrative in contemporary literature against the background of new historicism,humanitarian, as well as Hong Kong and Taiwan cultural background, giving acomparative analysis to land reform writing among different positions andmulticultural context. As different literature narrative can just carry the text with theideological function, they constitute the intertextuality by plot structure and narrativestace.The second chapter combs the generation, development and evolution of landreform narrative pattern according to the time sequence, established the classicparadigm of the revolutionary narrative. Stories of emancipation in the liberated area showed how the peasants unite to struggle against the landlords under the leadershipof the team. The land reform narrative became rigid under the established rules in theFifties to seventies, and the narrative reinforces the struggle of ideological line,natural revolutionary of the peasants and the political reactionary of the landlord. Theland reform of the new period subverts the typical plot patterns. There is the narrativeof the “cycle of violence”, showing a “non-timely” narrative time, the underlyingnarrative vision, objective and neutral attitude towards narrative and nonlineardevelopment of the story.The third chapter discusses the major changes of the peasant culture mentality inthe land reform narrative. The outsides class-conscious assaulted the inherent bloodgeopolitical awareness. The ideological values of the peasants were reshaped.People’s stigma long repressed had been swept away, they experienced the happinessas an owner. The elementary education expanded in tge village did away with thebackward feudal concepts. People began to build a new life concept. However,people’s awareness of small producers and the worship to authority still continued.Both new factors and traditional kernel existed in people’s mind during the landreform, showing complex state of hybridityThe forth chapter reveals the delicate and complex narrative strategy of charactersetting through the analysis of the images of the landlords, the peasants and theintelligent. In early land reform narrative, the characterization showed a tendency tostereotype and conceptualization, the role reversed in the narrative of the new era, theconnotation of the characters enriched. The landlord was a typical bully status ofeconomic exploitation, political reactionary and immoral, the peasants have becomethe embodiment of morality and justice, becoming an important force of therevolution. Intellectuals play an awkward role, they became learners from initiates,need to be tempered in the furnace of revolution.The fifth chapter discusses the interaction relationship between The Tempest andNortheast Times, analyzed version changes of The Tempest and other land reformwork. The continual modifying to the works reflected the writers automaticallyadjusted and adapted to the constraints of the external political environment. Suchchanges just meet the new literary norms, undermine the rich connotation of the works, covered the complexity of the human nature, the improvement in the art levelis minimal.The conclusion introduces inheritance and rheological of the land reform literaturefrom modern native novels, make overall evaluation to the land reform literature fromthree aspects (the themes, values and art choose). Land reform literature contains richconnotation of political, historical and cultural, it has won long life due to reflecingthe blood relationship of the land and peasants, and still have some practicalsignificance for the moment.更多还原