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现代汉语几个语气副词的语义变体研究

Topics on Semantic Variants of Some Modal Adverbs in Chinese

【作者】 赵晶

【导师】 王红旗;

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 , 汉语言文字学, 2012, 博士

【摘要】 本文借鉴结构主义语言学中位与变体的思想,以浮现语法理论为基础,选取现代汉语中使用频率较高的语气副词“其实”、“原来”、“当然”和“难道”为研究对象,探讨它们在不同语境中的语义变体,并整理不同语义变体之间的演变关系,在共时的平面中总结语义演变的路径。本文分为基本理论的研究和具体词语的语义分析两大部分。基本理论的研究介绍了浮现语法理论的主要观点,及其在汉语研究中的发展。具体词语的语义分析主要分为三个部分:1、详尽描写所选副词在不同语境中的语义变体;2、整理不同语义变体之间的衍生关系,归纳演变的规律;3、探讨语义演变背后的动因和机制。文章共分为七章,各章内容如下:第一章是导论,简要概述了与现代汉语语气副词有关的研究成果,指出了学界对语气副词的研究现状和不足,阐述了本文使用“语气副词”这一术语的原因,论述了本文的研究意义,划定了本文的研究范围,并交代了本文划分不同语义变体的标准。第二章以P.Hopper的《浮现语法》(Emergent Grammar)为出发点,介绍浮现语法理论的基本观点,以及汉语学界结合该理论对汉语的研究。本章主要从浮现的含义、语法的含义、语言的含义三个部分阐述了“用法先于语法”的思想,并指出了浮现语法理论的进步性和局限性。第三章至第六章分别讨论了“其实”、“原来”、“当然”和“难道”在现代汉语中的语义变体及变体之间的衍生关系。第三章研究不同语境下“其实”的语义变体。副词“其实”在现代汉语中有五个语义变体:“其实1”、“其实2”和“其实3”均表示前后小句的语义对比,但彼此之间仍有语义差别;“其实4”表示说话人对所述内容主观认同的语气;“其实5”的意义比较虚灵,作用在于加强前后话语之间的关联。这五个语义变体之间的衍生关系是:对比→主观认同→关联。第四章研究不同语境下“原来”的语义变体。“原来”在现代汉语中有时间名词和副词两种用法,时间名词“原来1”表示过去义,副词“原来”有四个语义变体:“原来2”表示原因义;“原来3”表示转折义;“原来4”表示说话人恍然醒悟的语气;“原来5”具有加强前后话语之间关联的功能。时间名词“原来”与副词“原来”的四个语义变体之间的衍生关系是:↗原因过去↘转折→恍然醒悟→关联第五章研究不同语境下“当然”的语义变体。“当然”在现代汉语中有形容词和副词两种用法,副词“当然”有四种语义变体:“当然1”表示合情合理义;“当然2”表示说话人对所述内容确信无疑的语气;“当然3”表示补充义;“当然4”表示转折义。副词“当然”的这四个语义变体之间的衍生关系是:↗确信无疑合情合理→补充↘转折第六章研究不同语境下“难道”的语义变体。“难道”在现代汉语中有四种语义变体:“难道1”和“难道2”均表示说话人的揣测语气,但彼此之间仍有语义差别;“难道3”和“难道4”均表示说话人的反诘语气,彼此之间也存在语义差异。“难道”在古代汉语中是表示否定的短语,它与揣测语气和反诘语气之间的衍生关系是:否定→揣测→反诘。第七章是结语。总结本文的主要结论和创新点,以及有待继续改进和拓展的内容。

【Abstract】 This dissertation based on the theory of Structural Linguistics and EmergentGrammar, selects four high frequency modal adverbs in Chinese,that is “qishi”(其实)、“yuanlai”(原来)、“dangran”(当然) and “nandao”(难道), and discussesthe semantic variants in different context, and also examines the semanticrelationship between them.This dissertation is divided into two parts: the first partintroduces the main ideas of Emergent Grammar; the second part studies thesemantic variants of the four modal adverbs. The semantic analysis is divided intothree parts: describes the semantic variants in different context; studies therelationship between different semantic variants; discusses the cause andmechanism.The dissertation includes seven chapters.Chapter1: introduces the former research of modal adverbs, points out themain contents and defects, explains the reasons of using the “modal adverb”,discusses the significance of this study, limits the scope of the study, and introducesthe standard of classification.Chapter2: introduces the Emergent Grammar theory, and the development inChinese. The Emergent Grammar represents the idea of “usage is prior togrammar”from three parts: the implication of emergence; the implication ofgrammar; the implication of language, and points out the advances and limitations.Chapter3: studies the semantic variants of “qishi”(其实) in different context.The “qishi(”其实)has five semantic variants in Chinese:“qishi1”(其实1)、“qishi2”(其实2)and “qishi3”(其实3)all show the contrast between the two clauses,,butthere are much differences between them;“qishi4”(其实4)shows the subjectiveidentity of the sentence; the function of “qishi5”(其实5)is reinforce the relationshipbetween discourse. The semantic relationship between these variants is: contrast→subjective identity→association. Chapter4: studies the semantic variants of “yuanlai”(原来)in different context.The “yuanlai”(原来) has two word-classes in Chinese: time noun and adverb. Thetime noun “yuanlai1”(原来1)expresses past, the adverb has four semantic variants:“yuanlai2”(原来2) expresses cause;“yuanlai3”(原来3)expresses adverse;“yuanlai4”(原来4)expresses disenchanted; and “yuanlai5”(原来5)expressesassociation. The semantic relationship between these variants is:↗causepast↘adverse→disenchanted→associationChapter5: studies the semantic variants of “dangran(”当然)in different context.The “dangran” has two word-classes in Chinese: adjective and adverb. The adverbhas four semantic variants:“dangran1”(当然1)expresses reasonable;“dangran2”(当然2)expresses believable;“dangran3”(当然3)expresses complementarity; and“dangran4”(当然4)expresses adverse. The semantic relation between these variantsis:↗believablereasonable→complementarity↘adverseChapter6: studies the semantic variants of “nandao”(难道)in different context.“nandao”(难道)has four semantic variants in Chinese:“nandao1”(难道1)and“nandao2”(难道2)expresses presumption,but there are much differences betweenthem;“nandao3”(难道3)and “nandao4”(难道4)expresses refutation,but there aredifferences between them too.“nan dao”(难道)is an negative phrase in ancientChinese,the relationship between them is: negation→presumption→refutation.Chapter7: summarizes the conclusions of this study.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 南开大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2014年 06期
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