【作者】 冯剑；

【导师】 李金铮；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文以学界较少关注的近代天津城市民间借贷为研究对象，利用天津地方档案以及报纸、文献资料等第一手资料，对近代天津民间借贷进行了较为具体的研究。在研究中利用了经济学和社会学中有关信任、博弈、交易成本等理论工具，力图对近代天津民间借贷在近代的发展脉络以及其与近代天津的经济发展和社会变迁的互动关系进行描述。通过研究表明，近代天津民间借贷的借贷者和借贷资金广泛地分布于天津各个阶级和阶层，民间借贷对民生和工商业的发展都具有重要意义。处于社会转型时期的近代天津，民间借贷风险加大，社会信任度不高，欠债、避债以及因为民间债务导致的暴力和欺诈现象严重。近代天津高利贷现象盛行，而且社会危害逐渐加大，除了风险高和民间资金供求不平衡以及物价和市场变化的因素外，政府行为对此也有影响。近代天津的民间借贷个人日见信用缺失，保证信用应用广泛，抵押信用也日益流行。传统的民间消费和商业借贷组织和机构如合会、典当、银钱业依然在民间借贷中占有重要地位，但都出现了变迁、危机和衰落，面临着内部与外部的信任危机。典权作为一种传统的民间融资习俗，为民国法律所认可，也受到市场变化的影响。新式银行、合作社等成为民间借贷的新机构，民国时期的天津银行不仅对民间工商业借贷，一些银行也对民间消费借贷较为关注。但是，银行借贷手续繁琐，许多做法与民间习俗不相适应，银行对民间借贷也采取谨慎态度，对民间借贷的作用有限。近代天津政府对民间借贷非常关注，除了采取禁止高利贷、限制当息、立法规范民间借贷等干预措施外，政府也成立银行号规范并直接介入民间借贷。在天津出现自然灾害和市场危机的情况之下，政府还以借贷形式对民间民生和商业进行救助。但是,民间社会与政府并没有建立互相信任关系。近代天津民间借贷依然处在较为困难的形势之下。更多还原

【Abstract】 The letterpress study the civile dibet of modern Tianjing,which was regardedlittle by the sclooars.The material come from file and newspapers of Tianjingact,using them I made some deep study on it.In the study,I used some economics andsocioloay theory tools such as trust、play games and trade cost,throngh the study tolearn the society variance of modern Tianjing.My study indicate that in mordenTianjing, the debits on loan and fund of loan was distribting widely at each classesand orders,it had great meaning to civilan life and development of Industry andcommercial of morden Tianjing.In the period of transfer, the civile debit of mordenTianjing had more risk and low society credit.The phenomena of abscond, violenceand trick which were brought on civile debits was very severity.The usury was prevailand had great imperil.Besides thefactor of risk,imbalance of capital supply anddemand,the varictional of market and price ect,the action of govemengt also madeeffection on it.The civile debit on morden Tianjing individual debit was lack,ensuredebit was great application,pledge debit was prevail.The traditional organization suchas Hehui,Pawnbroking and Yinhao also had great function to the civile debit,but all ofthem were confronted with variance,decline and crisis of trust. Pawning right isone of the Chinese nation unique traditional legal regimeon property. This meaningwas accept by the Legislation of the Pawning right in the Republic of China.But thein the current of the marketing,the Pawning right was becaming one of trade off in themarket.The bank was new manner of civil debit. In the period of Republic ofChina,the banks of Tianjing not only loaned to the Industry and commercial,but alsoloaded to consumption of civilian.But the procedure of banks was numerous and noton speaking terms with folk custom.The banks was also cautions to civile debits.Sothey had limit effect on it.The government of morden Tianjing was very attention onthe civile debit.Expect forbided usury,confined interest of pawn and criterion thecivile debit by law,the government also interposited the civile debit.At the case ofnature disaster and market crisis,the government ministered the people and Industryand commercial by loan.But trust did not builted between them.The civile loan wasstill in position of hard.更多还原