【作者】 雷炳锋；

【导师】 张峰屹；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文以北朝文学思想为考察对象，勾勒此一时段内文学思想的大致轮廓，描述其发展演变的基本脉络，探讨其与同时期南朝文学思想之间的关系，揭示这一阶段文学思想在中国古代文学思想史上的地位和意义。北朝文学思想从重视文学的政教、美刺作用开始，发展到重视文学的艺术特质、探讨文学的声律等形式问题，最后以重新强调文学的实用功能归于失败、南北文风开始融合而结束。北朝文学思想是从中古文学思想发展到唐代文学思想的过渡阶段，也是文学思想史上一个值得注意的中间环节。第一章通过对十六国文学创作的总体考察，发现无论在诏令、章奏表启、书信等散文，还是在诗赋等韵文的创作中，都表现出了紧贴时政的创作倾向。风格质朴，讲求实用，体现出了质朴和实用相结合的文学思想倾向。十六国文学思想直承两汉，重新强调了文学的政教、美刺功能，本质上是一种“言志”的文学观。第二章和第三章分别探讨了北魏前期及孝文帝时期文学思想的基本面貌。认为北魏前期文学思想是十六国文学思想的延续，即进一步强化文学与政教的关系，形成了追求政教之用和典正质朴的文学创作倾向。北魏前期文学思想为孝文帝及太和文坛所继承；不过，孝文帝在与群臣唱和赋诗的过程之中，又将诗歌创作视为文人高雅生活情趣的体现，从而表现出了以文学自娱的思想倾向。第四章对北魏后期多元发展的文学思想格局进行了考察。认为当时文学思想领域里有三种潮流并存：一为“吟咏情性”的文学思想，重视诗赋创作抒发真情实感、坦露真实情怀的功能，这其实是重抒情、重艺术形式的南朝文学思想对北朝文学的影响，对重视政教之用的文学思想是一个极大的冲击；二是反映现实的文学思想，这是对“缘事而发”等传统文学思想的继承；三是追求慷慨质朴之美的文学思想，以北朝乐府诗歌为代表的诗赋作品，语言质朴，多慷慨劲健之气，这是北方文风和北方文学思想的代表，至此已初步形成。第五章以东魏、北齐文学思想为考察对象，认为东魏、北齐文学思想是在北魏后期基础上的进一步发展。首先，追求慷慨质朴之美的文学思想正式形成；其次，南方审美衍及东魏、北齐文坛，作家们在对声律、对偶、用典、辞藻等形式的讲求之中，形成了追求“声色”的文学创作倾向。颜之推在文学思想史上也具有一定的地位，《颜氏家训》在文学致用论、文学创作论、作家论等几个当面都提出了关于文学的见解。第六章以西魏、北周文学思想为考察对象。此期文学思想由三部分组成：一是宇文泰、苏绰等的文体改革。提倡质朴，要求模仿《尚书》和《大诰》为文，对浮艳文风予以严厉打击，这种做法违背了文学和文学思想发展的内在规律；二是庾信的文学思想。庾信入北之后，更多的接受了北方文风的影响，在创作和文风方面发生了改变，将南北文风很好的结合了起来；三是北周作家推崇并仿效庾信早期的文风，即形式精美、辞藻华艳、风格绮靡的“徐庾体”，形成追求华艳绮靡之风的文学思想。第七章考察了隋代文学思想的基本情况。隋文帝延续了宇文泰、苏绰的文体改革主张，提倡实录，打击华艳文风，在目的、方式、实质、结果等方面都与宇文泰的改革如出一辙，其实也是一种功利主义文学思想的极端表现。隋炀帝即位之后，放弃了关中本位的政策，在文学创作方面南北兼容，表现了其文学思想中南北并重的特点。在炀帝的影响和带动之下，隋代作家的创作大多都是兼容南北，形成了南北文风初步融合的文学思想倾向，成为唐代文学思想的先驱。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation focuses on the Literature thought of Northern Dynasties andSui Dynasty as research object. It’s purpose is to try to draw the outline of the Literarythought, and to describe the basic clue of ideological evolution, and to probe into theinterrelationship with the literature of South Dynasty at the same time, and to revealthis state’s position and effect in the history of Chinese ancient literature. Literaryideas of the Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty start from focusing on literaryand beauty stab, to pay more attention to something about forms of the characteristicsand the rhythm of literature art. At last the literary ideas end up with a failure, whichrenews emphasize on literary utility function; and with the fusion of North-Southstyle. It is a transition stage which comes from South Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, andalso a intermediate link in the history of literature which we should pay more atten-tion to.In the first chapter, though the overall research on the literary creation of theSixteen Countries, the researcher finds that no matter in the creation of prose like im-perial edict, memorial table, letter or in the creation of verse such as poetry, there is atendency that the literary creation is closely related to the current politics, the style issimple and unadorned, these works pursue practical value and reflect the tendency ofthe combination of plain and practicality in literary thinking. Sixteen Countries lit-erature directly inherits from the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty,which re-emphasizes the literature’s function of cultivating people’s awareness of pol-itics, eulogizing and satirizing. And in essence,it is a kind of "express will" literatureconcept.In the second and third chapter, the author explores the basic appearance of theliterary thought in both the early stage of Northern Wei Dynasty and the period ofEmperor XiaoWen. It is considered in this dissertation that in the early stage the liter-ary thought of Northern Wei Dynasty is the persistence of Sixteen Countries’, and it isfurther strengthened the relationship between literature and politics, forming a ten-dency with pursuing a political educational function and a plain literature thought. The literature thought in early Northern Wei is inherited by the Emperor Xiaowen andthe literary circles. However, when the monarch and his subjects communicate witheach other, they often have the idea that creating of poetry is a style of taste and re-flection which belong to literati.In the fourth chapter the author studies the diversified development of the litera-ture thought pattern in the late stage of Northern Wei. At that time, there are threekinds of trends coexistence in the field of literary thought. One is Expressing the au-thors’ inner feelings, which focus on expressing the truth feeling and revealing thefuction.This actually is treated as a fashion trends of Northern Dynasty in NorthernDynasties which thinks lyric and forms are very important, and this phenomenon isalso a great shock on the literary thought that pays more attention to political educa-tion; another is to reflect the realism, which originates form the reality. The third oneis that it advocates a plain literary thought, the representative works is Yuefu Poetrywhich in Northern Dynasties shows plain in language and sorrow in its work style.The works may be deemed as representative in the Northern Literature and NorthernStyle, and the literary thought preliminary comes appearance.In the fifth chapter, the researcher uses the literary thought of Eastern Wei andNorthern Qi Dynasty as its research object, and think that Eastern Wei’s and NorthernQi’s literary thought develop from the late Northern Wei’s. The first reason is that theliterary thought of pursuing plain is formed formally; the second on is that the Southaesthetic becomes popular in literary circles, and authors come into being a literarythought which more focus on pursing the "sound and color", in the rhythm, duality,allusion, words and other forms.Yan Zhitui’s literary thought is also important in thisperiod, that is includes three anpects, the literature’s effect, the process of writing, thethought about authors ect.In the sixth chapter, the researcher uses the literary thought of Western Wei andNorthern Zhou as its research object. In this period, the literary thought is consisted ofthree parts. The first part is the changing of style of Yuwen tai and Su chuo and so on,which advocate plain style, and encourage literati imitate Shangshu and Dagao, at thesame time repelling rhetorical words. This is contrary to the literature and the literarythought; the second part is Yu Xin’s literary thought, when he arrives at Northern he appears more Northern literary style in his works, after changing,he combine theNorth-South style of writing well; the third part is the writers of Northern Zhou adoreYu Xin and imitate him, just limited in the early stage of his style of writing which iscalled "Yuxin Ti", namely pursuing rhetoric.In the last chapter, the author studies the basic situation of literary thought in SuiDynasty. Emperor Suiwen continued stylistic reform advise called by Yuwen tai andSuchuo, the effect of Emperor also advocating plain style was a extreme utilitarian-ism in literary thought, and this process in purpose, means, essence, result and otheraspects is so identical with Yuwen tai. After the emperor Suiyang ascended the throne,he gave up the standard, and putted the South-Northern style of writing together. Thiscan be considered a feature of focusing on both Southern and Northern literary style.In the influence and deriving of Emperor Suiwen, the writers in Sui Dynasty mostlyare both compatible with North and South, and forming a style of writing payingmore attention Southern and Northern literary thought, and becoming the pioneer ofthe idea of literature of the Tang Dynasty.更多还原