【作者】 齐珊娜；

【导师】 鞠美庭；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 环境科学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着世界经济发展的突飞猛进，环境资源、环境容量与经济、社会发展需求之间的矛盾日益凸显。同样的矛盾亦存在于我国，由于历史因素的原因，我国现代化建设的起步晚于西方发达国家数十年。当西方发达国家已经走出了“先污染、后治理”的困境，开始奉行更为严格的环境管理模式与标准时，我国却还在经济、社会发展与环境需求之间的矛盾中上下求索，试图寻找一条和谐共赢的康庄大道。本文站在环境管理的视角上，以生态效率理念为指导思想，基于我国环境管理理论、实践经验与其他相关学术著作，以逐步深入的方式，系统讨论了我国环境管理体系发展的规律，面临的问题，以及未来的改革方向。本文第一章主要叙述选题背景、国内外研究现状及技术路线。第二章基于资源、能源环境管理，产业环境管理，固废处理处置环境管理及应急环境管理的研究结构，分析了中国环境管理体系的法律基础及发展脉络。第三章根据第二章的研究结论与结构，识别和分析了中国环境管理体系存在的问题。第四章进一步深入分析了中国环境管理执法环节的结构，涉及的法律责任以及主要的执法工具，并同时分析了中国环境管理执法环节存在的问题。第五章引入生态效率的概念、内涵，发达国家基于生态效率理念改革环境管理策略的实践经验，结合我国相关环境管理实践经验，提出了以生态效率为导向的我国环境管理改革思路的探讨。第六章在第五章提出的初步思路的基础上，为中国环境管理体系各领域、各层次提出了具体的改革思路，并进一步提出了具体的体制与机制改革实施思路。本文主要研究结论如下：第一，中国环境管理体系经过数十年的发展，已经形成了一套结构严密，覆盖面广的严密管理体系，且拥有大量运行效果良好的环境执法手段与制度予以支持。但是随着社会的发展，环境管理理念的不断更新，中国环境管理体系的发展行至拐点。既有环境管理体系需要进行相应调整以适应社会现状。第二，中国环境管理体系的发展存在明显的发展规律。本文通过研究认为，中国环境管理存在阶段性、纵向性、滞后性与矛盾性四项发展规律。这四项规律影响了中国环境管理的立法模式、管理结构、执法方式、管理效率等重要内容的发展。与中国环境管理体系目前存在的各种特点与情况存在密切联系。第三，中国环境管理的各个领域存在多项不同层面的问题。资源与能源环境管理、产业环境管理、固体废弃物处理处置环境管理与环境应急管理领域，都出现了包括立法缺乏科学性、执法结构失衡、行政管理权限重叠模糊等不同层面的问题。且这些问题的呈现方式有一定相似性，其内部存在共通性。第四，基于生态效率的内涵，发达国家建设以生态效率为导向的环境管理体系的经验，结合我国环境管理发展现状，本文认为，我国环境管理体系还需要进行一系列完善。如立法确认公民环境权，完善环境立法的结构与内容，提高环境执法队伍的平衡性，提高激励类环境管理手段的使用比重，改进环境管理理念宣传的方式和途径等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with world economic development’s progressing by leaps and bounds, thecontradictions between the environment resources, the environmental capacity andthe economical development demands highlight day by day. The similarcontradiction also exists in China, as a result of historical factor reasons, Chinastarted economic constructions much later than Western developed country dozens ofyears. After the Western developed countries have already went out of the difficultposition of “treatment after pollution”, and started to carry out the stricterenvironmental management patterns and the standards, China actually still wastrapped between the economical, the social development and in the environmentdemands contradiction, and attempts the broad road which seeks for a win-winsituation. This article stands in the environmental management angle of view, takethe ecology efficiency idea as the guiding principle, based on our countryenvironmental management theory, the experience with other related scholarly works,by the thorough way, the system discussed our country environmental managementsystem development rule gradually, faced with question, as well as future reformdirection.First chapter introduced selected topic background, domestic and foreignresearch situations and the technical route. The second chapter analyzed legal basesand the development vein of environmental management in China, based on aobviously structure by the environmental managements of the resources and energyenvironmental management, the industry environmental management, solid-wastestreatment and handling and the emergency environmental management’s. The thirdchapter according to the second chapter’s research conclusions and the structure,distinguished and analyzed Chinese environmental management system existencequestions. The fourth chapter further thoroughly analyzed Chinese environmentalmanagement execution structure, the legal liability, as well as the main executiontools, and simultaneously analyzed the existence questions of Chinese environmentalmanagement execution. The fifth chapter introduced ecology efficiency’s concept, the connotation. Based on the experiences of developed country‘s reforms on theenvironmental management strategy, unified Chinese related environmentalmanagement experiences, proposed an environmental management reform mentalitydiscussion to follow the ecology efficiency as the guidance. The sixth chapter basedon the preliminary mentality’s foundation, and focused on various domains andlevels of China environmental management system, proposed the concrete reformmentality. And then, further proposed the concrete system and the mechanism reformimplementation mentalityThis article’s main research conclusions are as follows:Firstly, Chinese environmental management system undergone developmentduring dozens of years, and already formed a strict structure, which coverage broadstrict management system, and had lots of excellent environment management toolsas supports. But along with society’s development, environmental managementideas’ unceasing renewal, Chinese environmental management systems developmentline to inflection point. Also has the environmental management system to need tomake the corresponding adjustment to adapt the social present situationSecondly, there are obvious laws in the development process of Chineseenvironmental management system. This article believed through the research, Chinaenvironmental management existence gradualness, longitudinal, hysteresis qualityand contradiction four law of development. These four rules in compared on in-depthsurface to affect the legislative pattern, the execution way, the managerialeffectiveness and so on of Chinese environmental management.Thirdly, Chinese environmental management’s each domain has many questionson different stratification planes. The resources and energy environmentalmanagement, the industry environmental management, the solid reject processinghandling environmental management and the environment emergency managementdomain, appeared including the legislation, the law enforcement, the administrationand other different questions. There are certain similarity and compatibility amongthese questions.Lastly, based on the ecology efficiency’s connotation, the developed countryconstruction take the ecology efficiency as the guidance environmental management system’s experience, unifies our country environmental management developmentpresent situation, this article believed that the environmental management system inChina also needs to carry on a series of consummations, involving the legislation,the system method and enforcement efficiency, and many kinds of factors. There arealso needed to carry out a series of consummation measure from macroscopic tomicroscopic, which can fundamentally improve Chinese environmental managementsystem. Then it will be comply with the ecology efficiency idea, and solves the aseries of inherent problems更多还原