【作者】 丰琨；

【导师】 施向东；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 比较语言学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 从藏汉对音和梵汉对音材料看， c ch j ń ([][h][][]，以下简称为c组)这组音与汉字的对应都显得有些杂乱。与c组相关的汉藏语同源词的对应也并不整齐，几乎遍及知组、章组、精组、端组还有见组字。要理清上述复杂现象，必须解决藏语c组声母的音值和来源问题。本文主要搜集与藏语c组声母相关的同族词、汉藏语同源词、藏缅语材料，还有《广韵》又音，以及与汉语中古章组相关的谐声字材料，将藏语c组声母与汉语中古章组声母来源研究成果进行比较，一方面探讨藏语c组声母的音值和来源，另一方面检讨目前研究在方法、材料、结论等方面还有哪些发展空间。我们所搜集的材料显示，藏语c组声母的音值为舌面塞擦音，而非舌尖塞擦音或卷舌音。其来源是多方面的，包括舌尖音的腭化、舌根音的腭化，而至于这组声母是否有腭化双唇音和腭化舌尖塞擦音来源，还需要进一步研究解决。另外，藏语复辅音Ky形式可能来自于Kr的演变。从词族材料看，Kr的语音演变有两条路径：其一是Kr->Ky->c-，其二是Kr>T。我们搜集了一些汉藏语同源词材料证明上述两种演变途径存在的可能。通过汉语中古章组声母和藏语c组声母来源研究的比较，我们发现，本文所关注的两组声母声母的来源，有共通之处，即都来源于腭化作用，除了以往研究都有所涉及的腭化舌尖音来源以外，我们还补充了腭化舌根音来源的一些同族词、汉藏语同源词，以及相关藏缅语材料依据。同时，我们也发现不论是章组声母还是藏语c组声母，在研究材料上还有待于进一步补充，特别是藏语方面的材料，如果能加入更多类似于汉语通假字、异体字方面的材料加以论证，就更能说明问题了。在研究方法上还需要有所突破，单一地使用历史比较或内部构拟的方法已经不能满足研究需求，从宏观的角度综合多种方法，整合各种方法的优点，结论会更有说服力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The material of Sino-Tibetan transliteration and Sanskrit-Chinese transliterationshowed that the correspondence between c ch j ń ([][h][][] hereinafterreferred to as the C group) and Chinese characters appeared messy. The Sino-Tibetancognate words related to Tibetan C group were also irregular, pervaded almost Zhi知group, Zhang章group, Jing精group, Duan端group and Jian见group. We mustfind the source of Tibetan C group to solve this problem.This paper mainly collected the materials of cognate words, family words thatrelated to C group, and the phonogram materials of Chinese mediaeval Zhang group.We compared the research of these two aspects to probe the sources of them on onehand, on the other hand, we wanted to know if there was any space for developmentin current research in the methods, materials, conclusion etc.Through the study, we found that Tibetan C group was affricate. The sources ofit were manifold, including palatalized apical and palatalized velar. And moreover,Tibetan cluster Ky might be derived from the phonetic change of Kr. The change ofKr had two directions, one was Kr-> Ky-> C-, the other was Kr> T. We havecollected some Sino-Tibetan cognate materials to prove the possibility of theexistence of above two kinds of evolutionThrough the comparing between Chinese mediaeval Zhang group and TibetanC group, we found that the sources of them had something in common. In addition tothe palatalized apical sources as previous research had involved, we also added somematerials of palatalized velar sources. At the same time, we found both of the ChineseZhang group and the Tibetan C group needed further increase in the study ofmaterials, especially Tibetan. If we can add more materials like Chinese phonetic loancharacters, variant characters to discuss this problem, we will explain the questionbetter. We also need some breakthrough in the research methods. It has been unableto meet the needs of research if we single use the method of historical comparative orinternal reconstruction. We will get more persuasive conclusions if we can usevarious methods comprehensively and integrate the merits of all manners of methods.更多还原