【作者】 刘成栋；

【导师】 张荣明；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 专门史， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 南北朝时期，在中国的南方和北方分别有两个齐国：一个是公元479年由萧道成在建康建立的齐国，史称“南齐”；一个是公元550年由高洋在邺城建立的齐国，史称“北齐”。北齐国家存在了仅仅27年，公元577年北齐灭于北周，此时距隋朝建立仅差4年。北齐是北朝末期一个短命的国家，也是从魏晋南北朝时代向隋唐时代过渡的国家之一，具有承前启后的历史地位，对于研究从南北朝到隋唐的社会进程有着一定的意义。士人在中国传统文化中有着特殊的地位。学界所说的“士人”，大体说来相当于今天人们所说的知识分子，不过由于古今学术重心不同，古代士人是以社会知识为主的群体。至于涉及天文历法、医学、宗教等方面专门知识的知识分子，通常另有专称。故本文所说的古代士人或知识分子，主要指具备社会知识的群体，是狭义的、约定俗成意义上的传统知识分子。士人思想研究具有重要的学术意义。中国历史的进程，既是物质文明的进步，也是精神文明的发展，归根到底，人们的思想是物质生活和精神生活变化的动力。在中国社会中，士人思想是社会各阶层思想的主体，无论是上层社会贵族阶层的思想，还是下层民众的生活观念，都可以在士人思想中寻觅出踪迹。因而，把握一个时代士人思想是认识一个时代的重要途径。北齐时代士人的思想至少表现为三种类型。第一种是以魏收为代表的官方喉舌型思想。这种类型的思想具有两重特征：一方面，秉承传统的官方意识形态，宣扬儒教纲常和政治神秘主义，主张天下一统和皇权至上；另一方面，关注个人、家庭生活和生死问题，思考国家与个人二者之间的关系问题。第二种是以刘昼为代表的亦儒亦杂型思想。这种类型的思想以儒家思想为主体，以道家、阴阳家、法家等思想为补充既关注公共秩序，也思考个人生活和终极命运。第三种类型是以颜之推为代表的以治家为特色的思想。这种类型的思想虽不排斥官方的意识形态，但其关注的重心则在家庭，在家庭生活中的个人，注重人格的培养和性情的陶冶，尤其重视个人的生死问题，并具有明显的宗教信仰化倾向。上述三种类型的士人思想具有明显的共性特征。具体表现在，它们都秉承传统的官方意识形态，遵循儒教的原则，但又在不同程度上疏离儒家传统，走向道家思想甚至宗教，第一种类型较为正统，第二种类型居中，第三种类型走得最远。导致这种类型差异的主要原因是彼此政治立足点不同，对个人生命关注的程度不同。导致当时知识分子关心生命问题和宗教问题的深层原因，既与个人性格因素有关，也与社会环境因素有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are two QI states separately in China’s south and north during theSouthern and Northern Dynasties time: one was established by Daocheng Xiao inJiankang in AD479, historically called “Southern Qi Dynasty”; the other wasestablished by Yang Gao in Yecheng in AD550, historically called “Northern QiDynasty”. Northern Qi Dynasty was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty in AD577and only existed for27years. Northern Qi Dynasty was a short-lived state in thelate Northern Dynasties and was also one of the transition countries from the Wei, Jin,and North and South dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties. It played an importanthistorical status and had a certain significance on studying the social process from theSouthern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties.Scholars have a special status in the Chinese traditional culture. What academiccircles said "the scholar" is roughly equivalent to what today’s people say“intellectuals”. But due to different academic centers in ancient and modern times,ancient scholars refer to the social knowledge-based groups. As for the intellectualswho studied astronomical calendar, medicine, religion and other aspects of thespecialized knowledge usually have a special term. So the ancient scholars andintellectuals in this paper mainly refers to the group who owns social knowledge, andare narrow and sanctified traditional intellectualsThe research about the scholars’ thought is very important for academia. In theChinese history, not only does the material civilization develop, but also the mentalcivilization develops. In the all, the people’s thought is motive force to the changeof society. In the Chinese society, the scholars’ thought is centrum of the people’sthought. we can find the influence of the scholars’ thought between the upper-classdignitary and the lower-class poor people. So if you want to study a era, you mustlearn the scholars’ thought in the era.In Northern Qi Dynasty, there are three types in the scholars’ thought. The firsttype mainly talked by WeiShou——a government officer. This type has main two characters:on the one hand,it inherits the traditional official ideology, advertises theprincipal of Confucianism and the political mysticism. meanwhile, pronouncing thesovereign descends the world. On the other hand, it also takes more attention to thepersonal and family life. The second type is mainly talked by Liuzhou, the maincontent of this type is Confucianism supplementing Taoism, Yin-Yang School andlegalism.the third type is mainly talked by Yanzhitui. Although this type doesn’tfight against the official ideology.it pays more attention to the family and theindividual.With three types,the intellectuals’ thought have the common characters:particularly speaking, they all obey the traditional offical ideology,following theprinciple of the Confucianism. But they don’t belong to the pure Confucians, they areinfluenced by the Taoism and other folk religion. the first type is more orthodox;the second is middle; the third is beyond the orthodox. The main cause making somany differences is the different foothold and the different understandingabout people’ s life.更多还原