【作者】 江耘；

【导师】 张星久；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 公共经济管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 互联网的快捷、即时、互动、匿名和海量信息等特征为公众发表个人观点、表达利益诉求提供了一个方便的平台。近几年网络公共事件保持高速发展的态势,网民数量持续攀升、网民权利意识不断提高、热点话题层出不穷,微博等新兴平台迅速发展,改变了传统社会舆论格局,对政府新时期的社会管理提出了新挑战,对其规律的认识和把握是一个崭新的课题,在这种背景下研究网络公共事件具有重要的现实意义。本文研究事件信息在互联网上的自组织传播规律、参与网络公共事件的网民的心理特征、以及造成这些特征的原因,并提出若干政府引导、管理网络的策略和方法。首先本文厘清网络公共事件的概念,并梳理了国内外对网络公共事件的研究状况,为进一步的讨论和分析奠定基础。本文从网民个体意见、观点的发表和互动,到网络“意见领袖”的产生,再到“群体”的产生过程,讨论了网络公共事件的发展演变进程,归纳了突发性、非利益相关性、复杂性和不确定性等网络公共事件的特征,指出虚拟世界和现实社会的互动对政府新时期的社会管理提出了新挑战。其次,论文分析了网络公共事件的组织动员机制。从“导火索事件”被网民进行“意义建构”成它所代表的“意义”和“象征”,导致部分网民集体无意识深处的某种原型被“导火索事件”的“意义构建”的内容所激活,那些保存在个人无意识中不被自我承认的经验、思想、情感以及知觉、冲突、未解决的道德焦虑和充满感情的思想开始控制了人的行为,产生了网络上的“虚拟群体”。再使用群体心理理论讨论了事件中的虚拟群体的产生条件和虚拟群体的传染性、从众性、去抑制性和无意识因素控制等心理特征。最后用自组织理论探讨网络公共事件的自组织驱动力、自组织条件,进行了自组织仿真建模。参与网络公共事件的是部分网民。本文讨论了这部分网民具有的焦虑感、怨恨感和相对剥夺感等情感特点,再通过网络调查问卷获取的数据进行量化分析寻找造成这部分参与网民的焦虑和相对剥夺等情感心理和网络过激行为的现实原因。使用数理统计方法对数据量化分析,进行了网民个人特征与参与行为的双因素交叉分析、和网民参与行为的相关性分析、参与网民交互行为变量相关性分析。得出了无论是在网上发贴、还是不发贴的网民,对现实最不满的原因都是“贫富差距大”,排第二位的现实原因是“官员贪污腐败”,排第三位的现实原因是“滥用公权力”。然后在第五章中分析了造成部分网民焦虑和相对剥夺等情感心理和网络过激行为的现实原因是如何产生的。为什么会形成这些问题?从经济转型期利益主体和利益诉求的多元,经济转型期利益格局的调整方面探讨网络公共事件产生的根源,运用新公共管理理论分析了政府在市场化进程中理念转变落后、制度建设滞后和职能转变缓慢造成政府提供的服务和民众的期望相互脱节,从而部分网民通过网络平台、微博等自媒体渠道表达诉求。第五章还从浮澡和急功近利的社会大众心理和当前单一的价值评价体系方面探讨了社会文化价值观对广大网民心理和行为的影响。最后论文提出网络公共事件中政府的治理措施。针对网络公共事件的产生过程,提出政府部门要建立网络事件快速反映的责任机制；解决“导火索”事件；加强信息披露,引导网络舆论；与意见领袖沟通等具体措施。针对社会政治经济制度的完善,提出建立沟通、参与制度,实现民意收集与利益诉求的理性表达；培育社会中层组织形成政府与个体之间的“缓冲垫”；优化资源的分配制度防止贫富分化；建立防止贪污腐败的制度保障；推进政府法制化建设；加快政府职能向公共服务转型。针对文化价值体系,提出建立社会主流价值观；建构社会多元的评价机制等措施,让每个个体都能通过平凡的工作获得尊严和幸福感。最终的目标是要将社会矛盾放在法制化的框架下解决,政府和公民都在这个法制框架下享有各自权利,履行各自的义务,而不用出现矛盾就通过互联网将事情闹大才能得到解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 The internet offers a convinent platform for publishing personal views and conveying benefit resort in character of swift, instant, interactive, anonymous, extensive information etc. In recent years, network public opinion triggered by incidents arises constantly in high speed. Rising magnitude of netizen number and improving awareness of netizen rights, constantly emerging hot topics and new popular forum of microblogging which transforms the traditional social opinion format bring challenges to the government in social administration. It is a new topic to acknowledge and grasp the law behind the phenomena, and the study under the background on network public opinion triggered by incidents offers practical significance. This paper tries to understand the formation and development law of network sentiment, draws the conclusion to offer the reference to constructing Chinese socialist harmonious society at present.Firstly, this paper clarifies the concept of network opinion triggered by incidents and combs the international studies on this topic, laying a basis for the further discussion and analysis.Starting from the personal opinions, the publication and the interaction of the comment to the opinion leaders and the group opinions, the paper discusses the evolution development of network public sentiment, induces its character of bursty, non-profit relevance, complexity and uncertainty, providing a new challenge raised by the interaction of virtual world and social reality to the social administration in the new period.Secondly, this paper analyzes the organization motivation mechanism of network public opinion triggered by incidents. From trigger event by meaning construction into the "meaning" or "symbol", the unconscious stereotype in the deep heart of the netizen group is activated. The unself-admitted experience, thought, emotion, sensation, conflict, unsolved moral anxiety and emotional thinking preserved in personal unconsciousness start to control people’s behaviour, forming a virtual group in the internet. Use group psychological theory to discuss the generation conditions of virtual group and the other psychological characters such as infectivity, conformity, poor inhibity and unconsciousness control, etc. Finally, use self-organization theory to discuss the self-organization driving force, self-organization conditions of the network public affairs, and perform a self-organization simulation model.The participants of network public affairs are part of netizens. This paper discusses different emotions like the anxiety, hatred and the relative derivity of these part of netizens, and finds out the practical reasons with the quantitative analysis of the data from online poll investigation. Make a quantitative analysis with mathematical statistics; make an across analysis between personal characters and participation behaviors; make a correlation analysis of the participation behaviors and a variables correlation analysis of the interaction among netizens. It concludes that the top3reasons for the discontent of the current reality are great gap between the rich and poor, the corruption of administrative officials, and the abuse of public rights.In chapter five, the paper analyzes the reasons of generation of the different emotions and the acute behaviors in network.. Why do they happen? From aspects of diversification of profit subject and profit resort in economy transformation period and the adjustment of profit format in economy transformation period, the paper discusses the origin of network public affairs, applying new public governance theory to analyze the situation that the public service is out of the line with the mass expectation caused by the backwards of the mind transformation, the backwards of the system construction and the slowness of the function transferring. Thus part of the netizens have to resort to the internet or the microblog to express their resorts. In chapter five, it also discusses the effect of social culture value on psychology and behaviors of the general netizens from aspects of social public psychology of flickleness and eager for instant success and quick profits.Finally, this paper proposes the countermeasures to network public event. Targeting at the generation process of network public affairs, it points out to solve the trigger event thing in itself quickly; enhances information exposure and guides network commenting; communicates with the opinion leader and strengthens positive propagation. To perfect the political and economic system, build up a communication and participation mechanism, to achieve the collection of public opinions and the profit resort in rational expression. Cultivate social medium organizations to form a cushion between the government and individuals. Optimize the distribution of social resources to minimize the polarization between the rich and the poor. Build up institutional system to prevent bribery and corruption. Propel local government legislation construction. Speed up the transformation of the government function to public service. Build a mainstream cultural value system and a multiple evaluation mechanism, giving every people sense of honor and esteem.The final object is to solve the social conflict under the frame of legislation. The government and the public enjoy respective rights and perform respective obligations, to avoid amplifying the incident on the internet to solve the problem.更多还原