【作者】 常慧；

【导师】 陈士俊；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 社会存在贫富差距是一种常态，贫富差距的扩大往往发生在经济高速增长时期，国际上对贫富差距的通用表示法是基尼系数，这个系数越大，表示社会的贫富差距越大。目前，我国基尼系数已经超过了国际上通常认为的基尼系数在0.3～0.4之间的中等贫富差距程度，从长远和实质来看，我国贫富差距的扩大必然会损害经济的协调发展，而且极有可能会产生社会秩序失范、政治排斥、文化排斥、心理失衡等现象，损害社会秩序的稳定、社会主义民主政治的平等参与、文化的融和及社会心理的和谐。本文正是在这一背景下，考察了我国区域间贫富差距问题的研究现状，基于复杂网络理论，选取影响我国区域间贫富差距的相关因素，通过MATLAB仿真程序以网络的无标度特性进行系统分析，找出关键因素并制定相关策略以缩小我国区域间贫富差距的扩大。本文的主要研究成果和创新性体现在以下几个方面：1、从创新的角度来看，本文基于复杂网络对我国区域间贫富差距成因进行动态分析。复杂网络是对复杂系统的抽象和描述方式，任何包含大量组成单元（或子系统）的复杂系统，当把构成单元抽象成节点、单元之间的相互关系抽象为边时，都可以当作复杂网络来研究。在Watts和Strogatz关于小世界网络,以及Barabási和Albert关于无标度网络的开创性工作之后,人们对存在于不同领域的大量实际网络进行了广泛的实证性研究，研究发现大量的大型复杂网络具有小世界效应和无标度特征。本文基于复杂网络这一全新视角，从整体上把握我国区域间贫富差距问题的复杂性，建立因素复杂网络体系，通过MATLAB仿真程序以网络的无标度特性选取影响因素指标体系的各级具体指标。2、从理论研究角度来看，本文试图对影响我国区域间贫富差距的众多因素进行较为系统的分析，先对区域贫富差距成因理论、比较优势理论、区域间贫富差距因素体系作进一步综述，在此基础上，利用层次分析法确定各个因素的权重，从而找出影响我国区域间贫富差距的关键因素。3、从实证研究角度来看，为了验证本文所最终确定的影响地区间贫富差距的关键因素对这改善地区间贫富差距的重要性。在地区选取上，考虑到中国经济的快速发展，避免对比差距太悬殊的地区，因此本文选取了中国城市整体竞争力排名第二的上海地区、第八天津地区及第二十五的位于西部的重庆地区作为研究对象，通过对三个地区近三年相关数据的横向和纵向比较分析，得到的结论与实际具有较好的一致性，并以此为基础，针对影响我国区域间贫富差距的关键因素提出了相应对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 As normal phenomenon, the gap between rich and poor usually widens duringhigh-speed increasing period of economy. In the world, the general representation ofthe gap between the rich and poor is Gini Coefficient. The higher the Gini Coefficientis, the bigger the gap is. At present, Gini Coefficient of China exceeds the middledegree of the gap between rich and poor, the Gini Coefficient of which is from0.3to0.4, generally accepted by the whole world. In the long run, the widening gap betweenthe rich and poor cannot but damage the harmonious development of Chineseeconomy, and is very likely to cause confusion of social order, exclusion of polity andculture exclusion, unbalance of psychology, etc. This damages stabilization of socialorder, equal participation of socilalist democracy, harmony share of culture, andharmonious social psychology. Whereas, after reviewing the research status quo ofthe gap between rich and poor in different regions of China and based on the complexnetwork theory, through MATLAB emulator and with network scale-free property thethesis systemically analyzed the relevant factors that affect the gap between poor andrich in different regions of China, found out the key factors and established relevantstrategy to narrowed the gap between rich and poor in different regions of China.The main research achievement and innovation mainly embodies the followingaspects.Firstly, from the angle of innovation, the thesis dynamically analyzed the causesof complex network affecting the gap between rich and poor in different regions ofChina. When composing unit is abstractively considered as node and correlationbetween units is abstractively considered as margin, any complex system including alarge of composing units or subsystems may be researched as complex network, theabstract and description mode of complex system. After the innovation work of Wattsand Strogatz on worldlet network, and the innovation work of Barabási and Albert onnon-graduation network, people have carried out extensive demonstration research onmany practical networks existing different fields, and found that a large of large-scalecomplex networks had the characteristics of worldlet effect and non-graduation.Based on the entirely new angle of view of complex network, the thesis grasped thecomplexity of the problem of the gap between rich and poor of China in whole, andfactor complex network system, in order to select the all levels’ concrete indexaffecting factors index system through MATLAB emulator and with network scale-free property.Secondly, from the angle of theory research and demonstration research, thethesis tried to more systemically analyze many factors affecting the gap between richand poor of China. And it further summarizes the cause of formation of the gapbetween rich and poor in different regions, comparative predominance theory and thefactors of the gap between rich and poor in different regions And it confirmedweighted calculation of every factor applying administrative levels analytical method,and found out the key factors affecting the gap between rich and poor of China.Thirdly, from the angle of demonstration research, the thesis validated thesignificance of the key factors narrowing the economic gap between the three regions.Considering the rapid development of Chinese economy and avoiding the regionswith great economic disparities, the thesis selected Shanghai, the general competitivepower of which ranks second in the cities of China, Tianjin (eighth), and Chongqing(25th), located in west of China. Through breadthwise and lengthways comparing andanalyzing the relevant data of the three regions in recent three years, the thesis drewthe conclusion that was comparatively consistent with the fact. And based on this, itbrought forward relevant countermeasure aiming at the key factors affecting the gapbetween rich and poor of China.更多还原