【作者】 贾翀；

【导师】 张洋；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 为了实现多层实木复合地板的抗菌功能，降低其游离甲醛释放率，本文研究了无醛豆胶多层实木复合地板基材的制造工艺及性能，以及多层实木复合地板的抗菌处理工艺及性能。论文从胶黏剂胶接机理的分析、无醛豆胶杨木实木复合地板基材的制造工艺、抗菌实木复合地板的制造工艺及性能检测等方面进行了论述，其主要内容和结论如下：（1）在胶黏剂胶接机理分析中，采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC），傅立叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR），以及热重分析仪（TG）等现代仪器对工厂生产的豆胶以及实验室制造的豆胶进行了检测和分析。通过FTIR分析结果表明，在160℃条件下，处理5min后，工厂豆胶中大豆蛋白的二级结构有明显的改变，α-螺旋全部转化成为β-折叠，说明其中发生了化学反应并导致小分子分解；而豆粉和尿素改性豆胶的结构变化不大，说明在160℃的条件下，豆粉仍具有较强的稳定性。通过DSC分析表明，工厂豆胶和豆粉的玻璃态转化温度大约在70℃左右，而高温情况下（200℃-250℃），尿素改性豆胶中的尿素会发生分解，其高温热稳定性比纯大豆蛋白和工厂豆胶差。通过TGA分析比较表明，在检测温度区间，尿素改性豆胶失重率最大，其次是工厂豆胶，豆粉失重率较小。（2）在无醛豆胶杨木实木复合地板基材的制造工艺研究中，通过多因素因子轮换法分析了施胶量、热压时间、热压压力（高压压力）、热压温度、热预压温度、热压压力等六个因素对无醛豆胶杨木实木复合地板基材的胶合强度影响，在综合分析的基础上，最终确定最优的工艺条件为：施胶量450g/m~2（双面），热压压力2.0MPa，热压时间70s/mm，预热压温度110℃，热压温度为160℃，热压压力为1.6MPa。在多层豆胶胶合板热压表芯层温度变化研究的基础上，建立了热压时间的数学模型；在多层实木复合地板表板增强研究中，通过单因素和正交试验，优化了杨木和杉木的压缩工艺，结果表明压缩温度为195℃，压缩时间1.5min/mm，压缩率45%时压缩效果最佳。（3）在抗菌实木复合地板的制造工艺研究中，通过单因素试验分析了不同类型的抗菌剂、分散剂对实木复合地板的抗菌效果影响，试验结果表明，HTB-032型载银羟基磷酸锆纳米抗菌剂的抗菌效果最佳，六偏磷酸钠为适合HTB-032型载银羟基磷酸锆钠米抗菌剂的最优分散剂。当在光敏涂料或三聚氰胺树脂中添加1%的抗菌剂处理实木复合地板时，其抗菌效果参照标准QB/T2591-2003《抗菌塑料--抗菌性能试验方法和抗菌效果》进行测试，抗菌率可达99%以上，可判定为强抗菌产品。参照中华人民共和国卫生部颁发的《消毒技术规范》（2008），采用抑菌环法测试抗菌试件的抗菌性能比较实验室制造的季铵盐改性蒙脱土、季铵盐和银离子复合改性蒙脱土复合型抗菌剂的抗菌效果表明：季铵盐银离子复合型抗菌剂的抗菌效果较好，经抑菌环抗菌效能测试，随着复合抗菌剂添加量的增加，其抗菌性能明显提高，当分别添加3%的复合抗菌剂至涂料和三聚氰胺树脂中，其抑菌环直径分别可达15mm和25mm。（4）通过分析抗菌型实木复合地板的游离甲醛和VOCs释放量等环保性能表明：本文研究的环保型抗菌实木复合地板游离甲醛释放量达到国家标准GB/T18103—2000实木复合地板A类板要求，分别用涂料和三聚氰胺树脂作为表面装饰后其游离甲醛释放量分别为7.2mg/100g和8.4mg/100g；有机挥发物（VOCs）释放量完全达到环境标准HJ571-2010《环境标志产品技术要求人造板及其制品》标准的要求，分别用涂料和三聚氰胺树脂作为表面装饰后其VOCs测量值为0.164和0.386mg/m~2h，具有优越的环保性能。根据材料毒性分析结果表明：环保型抗菌实木复合地板的使用安全性优于木材原料，细胞毒性评级为2级。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to achieve the antibacterial function of the multi-layer parquet and reduce the freeformaldehyde release rate, the non-formaldehyde bean gum engineered wood flooringmanufacturing process and properties of the substrate, as well as multi-layer parquetantimicrobial treatment process and performance are studied. Papers are discussed from theanalysis of the mechanism of adhesive bonding, aldehyde bean gum poplar wood flooringsubstrate manufacturing process, antimicrobial parquet manufacturing process and performancetesting, and its main contents and conclusions are as follows:In analysis of adhesive bonding mechanism, Industrialization bean gum and laboratorymanufacturing bean gum are detected and analyzed by Differential scanning calorimetryinstrument (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal gravimetricanalysis (TG).Through FTIR analysis,the result showed that soy protein secondary structure offactory bean gum Under the conditions of160℃for5min exhibit a distinct change becauseof all alpha-helical transformed into beta-fold. It indicated that the chemical reaction lead to thedecomposition of small molecules and the same time structural of the soybean meal andurea-modified guar gum change hardly in the conditions of160℃for5min.It indicated thepure soy protein still has strong stability. Though DSC analysis，the result showed that glasstransition temperature of the factory bean gum and pure soy protein both are about70℃, but inthe case of high temperature (200℃-250℃),the urea-modified guar gum will decompose theurea. It showed high temperature thermal stability of that is poor than pure soy protein andIndustrialization bean gum. Though TGA analysis,the result showed that the weight loss rate ofurea-modified guar gum is bigger than The industrialized bean gum and pure soy protein indetection temperature range.In the study of aldehyde-free bean gum poplar parquet substrate manufacturing process,the effect of glue content, pressing time, pressing pressure (high pressure), pressing temperature,preheat pressure temperature and Hot pressing pressure for bonding strength of multilayerpoplar wood flooring substrate by non-formaldehyde bean gum are studier by multi-factorfactor rotation method. on the basis of comprehensive analysis, and ultimately to determine theoptimal process conditions: the glue content of450g/m~2(double-sided), hot pressing pressure of2.0MPa, pressing time of70s/mm, the preheating pressure temperature of110℃, the hottemperature of160℃and hot pressure of1.6MPa is the best. At the same time, a mathematicalmodel of the pressing time is established on the basis of surface layer and core layertemperature change about multi-layer bean gum plywood. In the research of enhancing surfaceboard of engineered wood flooring, poplar and fir compression process are optimized bymulti-factor factor rotation method. The result showed that the best compression temperature is195℃, compression time is1.5min/mm and compression rate is45%.In the study of antimicrobial parquet manufacturing process，the effect of different typesof antimicrobial agents and dispersants to antibacterial properties of the parquet by single factortest method.The result showed the antibacterial effect of HTB-032containing silver hydroxyzirconium phosphate nano-antibacterial agent is the best and at the same time best dispersantfor for HTB-032type containing silver hydroxy zirconium phosphate sodium antibacterialagent is hexametaphosphate. When adding1%of the antimicrobial agent in the photosensitive paint or the melamine resin in processing wood flooring, its antibacterial rate which are testedreference to the standard QB/T2591-2003about antibacterial Plastics-Test method forantibacterial properties is up to99%, and can be assessed as strong antibacterial products.Reference to "disinfection technical specifications "which is issued by the Ministry of Health ofthe People’s Republic of China (2008), The antibacterial effect of quaternary ammoniummodified montmorillonite and quaternary ammonium and silver ions composite modifiedmontmorillonite composite antibacterial agent which are manufactured by the laboratory, arecompared by antibacterial Tour de France test. The result showed that antibacterial effect ofquaternary ammonium salt compound of silver ions antibacterial agent is better than others, andwith the increase of the added amount of the composite antibacterial agents, the antibacterialperformance has improved significantly. It indicated that When adding3%compositeantibacterial agent into the paint and melamine resin, the diameter of inhibition zone is up to15mm and25mm respectively.By analyzing free formaldehyde and VOCs emission in the environmental performance ofthe antibacterial parquet, the results showed that free formaldehyde emission of theenvironmentally friendly antibacterial parquet reached Class A lever of the national standardGB/T18103-2000about parquet, and the values of free formaldehyde emission by coatingsand melamine resins on surface are7.2mg/100g and8.4mg/100g; The results also showed thatvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission reached the requirements of environmentalstandards HJ571-2010about environmental labeling products technical requirements forwood-based panels and their products, and the values of VOCs emission by coatings andmelamine resins on surface are0.164mg/m~2h and0.386mg/m~2h, They indicated antibacterialwood flooring has superior environmental performance. According to the the material toxicityanalysis, the results show that the secure of environmentally-friendly antimicrobial parquet ofwhich the cytotoxic were rating2than wood raw material.更多还原