【作者】 姜琪；

【导师】 吴智慧；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 家具设计与工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 家具行业的诞生和发展与社会分工息息相关，家具行业内分工的发展演变也随着社会分工的发展而演变。中国家具发展的历史源远流长，在百年时间中取得了举世瞩目的成就。中国家具行业从传统手工作坊自给自足的分散化生产形式，发展至今天形成了一定的产业规模。回顾和总结家具行业职业分工发展的历史，可以进一步完善中国家具发展史学的内容与体系，将有助于家具业界进一步完整的理解中国家具行业发展的脉络，有助于中国家具行业在当今瞬息万变的全球背景下保持健康、高速和可持续发展。本文通过一系列科学调查和归纳总结的方法，系统剖析了中国家具行业职业分工演变和发展的过程，对古代、近代和现代中国家具行业职业分工发展演变历程的回顾和分析，并就其中的核心问题进行了相应的阐述和论证。本文运用PEST分析法，从政治法律环境、经济环境、社会文化环境、技术环境四个方面对我国家具行业职业分工的发展进行了分析，利用SWOT分析法对家具制造企业内部分工体系进行了分析，提出全球价值链下中国家具企业竞争力的升级对策，进而提出中国家具行业职业分工发展趋势。（1）中国古代家具行业职业分工处于中国传统家具行业分工的“萌芽阶段”，其典型的特征是封闭性。中国家具行业随着手工业历史的发展，和任何一种工艺发展一样，经历了从分散、个体到形成行业的过程。传统家具行业工匠与绝大多数其他行业的工匠一样，具有身份低下、身份世袭、手工操作、行会组织封闭等共同特征。父传子继的血缘世袭、民间的师徒传承、官营艺徒传习构成了传统家具工匠技术的传承模式。不论是家庭手工作坊式还是官府手工业，因手工业技术的传播都受到一定程度的限制，形成了中国古代家具手工业技术的封闭性，同样使得分工发展也具有了一定的封闭性。（2）中国近代家具行业职业分工处于中国传统家具行业分工的“发展阶段”。百年间，近代中国家具行业经历了从手工作坊式生产到机械化工业生产的转型，家具行业分工的发展受到特定历史时期中西学东渐、近代手工业中的资本主义萌芽、中国近代生活方式的变迁等因素的影响，这一时期中国的家具生产主要还是处于手工业阶段，家具生产主要是由一些小的手工作坊完成，在木家具的生产中所有生产工序还基本是靠手工操作完成，整体上较少使用机器生产。在一些外商经营的家具公司或者是民族资本经营的家具商行，出现了一些改进的设备。（3）中国现代家具行业职业分工处于家具行业职业分工发展中传统家具行业分工的“成熟阶段”。随着经济全球化的推进，中国现代家具行业分工体系中呈现出水平分工体系和垂直分工体系的明显趋势。家具行业和现代任何一种行业一样都决不可能是孤立存在和发展，从微观的家具企业内部价值链，发展至产业间价值链，直至形成全球价值链，包括了从产品的开发、设计、制造、营销、销售、消费、服务等一系列的环节。（4）研究表明，影响家具行业职业分工发展的环境因素包括：政治法律环境、经济环境、社会环境和技术环境。全球价值链下中国家具企业升级制约因素包括有：家具企业的技术基础；家具企业发展的思维定式；相关产业配套能力和加工贸易相关政策。提出了全球价值链下中国家具企业竞争力的升级对策。本文分析了中国家具行业职业分工今后的发展趋势，中国家具行业的分工体系的萌芽、形成、发展和成熟皆与中国家具行业发展息息相关。家具行业要得到快速健康的发展，并在全球价值链中的地位得到提升，本土家具企业的竞争力得到增强，就必须在政府、企业和行业三个层面进行优化。研究得到了适用于目前中国家具行业职业分工发展的应用重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The birth and development of furniture industry is closely related with the development ofsocial division of labor. The development of Chinese ancient furniture craftsman wasaccompanied by that of social division of labor. Great successes in the development of Chinesefurniture industry gained worldwide attention during the past one hundred years. Chinesefurniture industry developed from the artisanal form, showing the decentralization ofself-sufficient form. Today, the Chinese furniture industry has formed a certain scale in the field.Reviewing the development of the division of labor in furniture industry, we can further improvethe content and system of the development of Chinese furniture history and understand thedeveloping process of Chinese furniture industry comprehensively. It will help to keep thehealthy development of Chinese furniture industry in the global background of the high-speedvarying from minute to minute.This paper reviews the process of the division of labor in Chinese furniture industry throughthe use of a series of scientific investigation and summarization method. It reviews and analyzesthe ancient, modern and contemporary division of labor in Chinese furniture industry. Themethod of PEST is employed to analyze the development of division of labor in Chinesefurniture industry from the political and legal environment, the economic environment, the social&cultural environment and the technical environment. The method of SWOT is also employedto analyze the internal division of labor system of furniture manufacturing enterprises. Then, thecounter-measures are put forward to upgrade the competitiveness of Chinese furniture enterprisesin the global value chain. Finally, the developing trend of the division of labor in Chinesefurniture industry is suggested.(1)The occupational division in chinese ancient furniture industry is in the embryonic stageof traditional chinese furniture industry. The typical feature of this period is it is closed. With thedevelopment of the industry, like all kind of technical development, chinese furniture industryhas experienced from the scattered, individual to agglomeration, from ancient all sorts of crafts tothe three hundred and sixty lines of evolution. Like most other industries artisans, craftsmen oftraditional furniture industry have four common characteristics:1)They have no social status.There is a strong personal attachment.2)They have a hereditary identity, and the occupation isrelatively stable.3)They rely on manual skills to survive.4)The organization is closed, with thelow level of development. The mode of inheritance of traditional techniques：The father taughthis son; the teacher taught the disciples; apprentice education was set up by the government.Whether it is a family workshops or government-run workshop, the technology communicationof the handicraft industry has been limited. Handicraft technology of ancient Chinese furniturehas a certain degree of closure, which makes the development of industry division closed, too.(2)The occupational division in Chinese ancient furniture industry is in the stage of development of traditional Chinese furniture industry. In this century, the modern Chinesefurniture industry has experienced from the manual workshop production to mechanizedindustrial transformation. The development of the division of labor in furniture industry has beenaffected by many factors in the specific historical period, such as the western learning spreadingto the east, the seeds of capitalism and the changes of lifestyles. During this period, Chinesefurniture production has been mainly in handicrafts stage. Most furniture factories are smallworkshops, thus the process of wood furniture production has been completed by manualoperation. In some foreign business furniture companies or national furniture stores, there aresome improved equipments.(3)The occupational division in ancient Chinese furniture industry is in the stage ofmaturity in traditional Chinese furniture industry. With the development of the economicglobalization, there is a clear trend of horizontal division system and the vertical division systemin the division of labor system in modern Chinese furniture industry. Furniture industry can notexist and develop in isolation like any other modern industries. Presently, the enterprise internalvalue chain, industrial value chain and the global value chain have been formed, including theproduct development, design, manufacturing, marketing, sales, consumption, services and aseries of links.(4)By using the method of analysis and induction, the influential factors of thedevelopment of the division of labor furniture industry include: political and legal environment;economic environment; social environment and technology environment. In the global valuechain, the factors preventing the chinese furniture enterprises from upgrading include: technicalbasis of furniture enterprises; thinking model of furniture enterprises; supporting capacity of therelated industries; related policy of processing trade. It is put forward that the countermeasures ofupgrading the competitiveness of chinese furniture enterprises in the global value chain.(5)Through analyzing the trend of the development of division of labor in Chinesefurniture industry, it can be found that the formation and development of the industry is closelyrelated to the division of labor system in Chinese furniture industry. In the global value chain, ifwe want to upgrade the furniture industry status, make it develop fast and healthily, and enhancethe competitiveness of the local furniture enterprise, we must rely on the joint efforts from thegovernment, the market and the industry itself. In this paper, the proposal is put forwarded at thegovernment level, the industry level and the enterprise level. This study can be used for thecurrent Chinese furniture industry focusing on the development of division of labor.更多还原