【作者】 毛程远；

【导师】 裴玉龙；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 国内外关于路面破损的产生及维护有较多研究，但其对驾驶员驾驶行为、车辆行驶模式、交通流运行等方面影响鲜有理论成果。本文以揭示路面破损对道路交通运行影响为目标，以理论研究服务实践应用为准则，充分结合现有道路交通相关规范，内容涵盖驾驶员生理心理、驾驶行为、交通流理论等方面，利用概率统计、流体力学理论等相关理论方法，对路面破损产生的车辆运行、交通流运行特性进行研究。本文梳理了现有路面破损致因，对于城市道路中检查井盖及其周边路面破损特殊性及普遍存在的原因进行了分析。鉴于现有的路面破损表征指标，其制定目的是为了衡量路面养护维修标准，侧重针对整个路段路面，而非针对单个路面破损严重程度的描述，仅以破损密度来衡量，忽视了路面破损位置对车辆运行影响的重要性，难以明确单个路面破损对车辆行驶影响的严重程度，故而提出车道完整宽的概念，采用路面破损的长、宽、深及车道完整宽等指标作为描述路面破损严重程度表征指标，并对路面破损进行定性和定量的等级划分。根据论文研究内容，分析所需数据，制定路面破损严重程度和道路条件调查、路面破损对车辆行驶轨迹和模式影响的随车调查、路面破损对车辆行驶的轨迹和模式影响的定点调查、驾驶员对破损的态度调查等主要调查设计方案。对采集数据的分析处理关键技术和方法进行介绍，据此对所得数据进行记录、分类、筛选和分析，为论文研究奠定基础数据支持。鉴于驾驶员对路面破损识别的重要性，提出路面破损的静态视认性和动态视认性两个概念，用以描述路面破损可视认性。通过分析路面破损的严重程度表征指标及车辆运行状态对路面破损静态、动态视认性的影响因素进行分析，给出其测算方法，并根据不同道路等级中的平均车速，给出了相应道路等级中路面破损视认性等级划分阈值。分析路面破损等级对驾驶员心率的影响，找出路面破损程度与驾驶员心率变化的相关性，表明了在一般情况下，路面破损对驾驶员心理有影响，但并不显著，当驾驶员猝然发现路面破损躲避不及而产生惊恐时，驾驶员心率产生明显波动。此外，分析了驾驶员日常遭遇路面破损的频率及产生的不良情绪，定性分析了路面破损对车辆行驶安全性和舒适性影响。分析车辆行驶模式关键影响因素：路面破损严重程度、驾驶员发现路面破损时的距离、车速、车道完整宽、交通环境和驾驶员生理心理素质；根据路面破损引起的车辆行驶轨迹和速度的不同，将车辆行驶模式分为本车道行驶、占道行驶、变道行驶三种轨迹模式和原速行驶、一般减速行驶、非连续型行驶三种速度模式；利用回归分析的方法，得出不同路面破损等级下车辆行驶轨迹模式和速度模式的概率分布模型，并对相关参数进行了标定。分析车速、交通量及车型等因素对车辆行驶模式概率分布模型的影响。对路面破损路段连续车流车头时距进行实测，利用移位负指数分布模型和Weibull分布模型研究其分布规律，并据其计算相应路段通行能力，提出路面破损道路通行能力修正系数的概念，确定路面破损对路段通行能力的影响。分析路面破损对车流密度、速度的影响，利用流体力学理论，分析了路面破损路段车流波的波速及其集结和消散特性；利用层次分析法从安全性、经济性、舒适性和环保性4个方面综合评价了路面破损对交通流运行影响。本文旨在揭示路面破损→驾驶员特性→驾驶行为特性→车辆行驶模式→交通流运行特性之间的内在联系，完善路面破损条件下的驾驶行为、交通流运行、道路通行能力等方面理论，从交通运行效率的角度为道路服务性能评价和养护提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, there are many studies on the cause and maintenance of pavementdistress at home and abroad, but the theoretical results about the influence of drivingbehavior, vehicle driving mode and traffic running style on the condition of pavementdistress is few.The aim of this paper is to reveal the influence of pavement distress ontraffic running, with the guidelines “Theory is based on practice and serves parctice”.Considering the existing road traffic related specifications, this paper’s content whichcovering the driver’s physiological&psychological, driving behavior, traffic flowtheory, studied the vehicle running mode and traffic flow characteristics at pavementdistress road section, by probability and statistics, fluid mechanics theory method.This paper reviewed the existing pavement distress cause, and analyzed thereasons of inspection well covers and its surrounding pavement breakage. Accordingto the existing pavement distress index, its purpose is to develop a measure ofpavement maintenance and repair standards, and it is aimed at the whole road section,rather than to describe individual pavement distress’s severity. The density indexignored the pavement distress location’s effecting on traffic running, and it’s difficultto clear a single pavement distress’s influence to the traffic, therefore conceptlane-complete-wide is put forword. Taking pavement distress’s long, wide, deep andlane-complete-wide as the indexes to describe the pavement distress’s severity, andthe qualitative and quantitative classification is given.According to the study content, analyse the required data, make surveys aboutthe pavement distress’s severity, road condition, the vehicle trajectory, the vehiclerunning mode, and so on. This paper also investigated the drivers’ attitudes topavement distress. The key technology and methods to deal with data was introduced,and then to record, classify, screening, and analyse the data,in order to deeplyresearch.In view of the importance of the pavement distress’s identification, proposed twoconcepts of pavement distress’s “static visual recognition“and “dynamic visualidentification” to describe the characteristics of pavement distress identification.Through the analysis of pavement distress’s severity index and the running state ofvehicles, the influence factors of the pavement distress’s static and dynamic visualidentification are analyzed. The calculation method about pavement distress’sidentification is given. According to the average speed in different level road, theclassification threshold value of “static visual recognition“and “dynamic visualidentification” are given.Then, this paper analysed the influece of pavement distress’s level on driver’sheart rate, found out the reletionship of pavement distress’s level and drivers’ heartrate changes, it shows that pavement distress effect on driver’s psychological is notsignificant, but when the driver found the pavement distress suddenly and had a fear,his heart rate produced significant fluctuations. Analysd the frequency ofencountering pavement distress and the driver’s adverse mood, qualitatively analysepavement distress effect on vehicle driving safety and comfort.Analysed the key factors affecting vehicle mode: pavement distress severity, thevisual recognitionof pavement distress, speed, lane-complete-wide, traffic environment and drivers physiological&psychological quality; according to vehicletrajectory and speed change which are caused by pavement distress, give3trackmode: in the original lane, occupation lanes, change lanes, give3speed mode: theoriginal speed, decelerate, discontinuous running.bby using regression analysismethod, get the vehicle trajectory and speed probability distribution model ondifferent pavement distress levels, and the related parameters were calibrated.Analyse the effect of vehicle speed, traffic volume and vehicle type on the vehiclerunning probability distribution model.At the pavement distress road sections, the continuous traffic flow headways aremeasured, using the Displaced Negative Exponential Distribution model and Weibullmodel to study its distribution, and calculate the traffic capacity of road section withpavement distress, put forward traffic capacity correction factor, determine thepavement distress’s effect on capacity. Analyze the traffic density and velocitychange, using the theory of fluid mechanics, analyze the traffic flow wave’s velocityand its accumulation and dissipation characteristic at pavement distress roadsection.From4aspects of safety, economy, comfort and environmental protection,comprehensively analyze the impact of pavement distress on traffic running by AHPmothod.This paper aims to reveal the internal connection among pavement distress,driver characteristics, driving behavior characteristics, driving mode and trafficrunning characteristics,to improve driving behavior, traffic flow, traffic capacitytheory on conditions of pavement distress. Provide a basic theory for roadperformance evaluation and maintenance from the traffic efficiency perspective.更多还原