【作者】 项凌；

【导师】 汪波；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 人类利用能源经历了从薪柴时代到煤炭时代，再到油气时代的演变，形成了目前以化石能源为主体的能源时代。化石能源对于社会经济的发展起了巨大的作用，但化石能源的大量使用，也带来副作用，一方面导致能源资源稀缺性加剧，另一方面导致对环境的严重污染，节能减排势在必行。化石能源中，天然气最为清洁，氢碳比高，二氧化碳排放量少，是环境友好型能源。天然气节能减排过程的经济性是当前重要的课题。本文主要研究内容如下：(1)以典型节能技术为基础，根据节能减排的基本原理，提出了利用城市污水为热源（汇）及与太阳能互补的天然气热泵节能减排方案。为了分析节能减排途径的合理性，在经济学理论与工程技术相结合的基础上，建立了节能减排过程经济性分析和二氧化碳减排计算的模拟分析方法。(2)在市场价格理论的基础上，根据公共经济学的原理，结合我国城市燃气的实际情况，对天然气的价格形成基础、能源价格的职能与作用以及天然气定价的依据进行了分析。并利用开发的软件对城市天然气价格对于节能减排过程的经济性影响进行了定量分析。结果表明，适当提高天然气的价格可以促进人们节能投资的积极性，有利于推广节能和减排效果好的措施。(3)根据建立的经济分析模型和用MATLAB语言编写的软件，在不同条件下，对城市污水源(汇)燃气热泵、太阳能-天然气热泵互补供热、太阳能热水-污水双水源燃气热泵供热和天然气减排二氧化碳等过程进行了模拟分析与研究，得出了相关参数的影响规律，为天然气利用过程方案的制定提供基础数据。(4)为了借鉴热力学熵成熟的理论成果与实践经验，对非热力学熵和热力学熵的互洽性和差异性进行了分析比较。用熵的理论对节能减排过程进行了分析，并以能源资源可采年限、二氧化碳相对减排量、人均能源足迹相对值和石油对外依存度等参数为因变量，分别提出了对能源资源、二氧化碳减排、能源生态影响、能源安全用熵进行表征的公式，并利用相关的数据进行了实证性分析与研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Firewood, coal and oil gas have been used for human’s energy successively. NowHunan lives in an era dominated by fossil energy. Fossil energy plays a huge role insocial and economic development. However, large-scale use of fossil energy bringsabout side effects. On the one hand, it leads to the scarcity of energy resources, and onthe other hand, it exacerbates environmental pollution. Therefore, energy conservationis an inevitable choice. Among fossil energy sources, the natural gas is the cleanestwith higher hydrogen-carbon, produces less carbon dioxide emissions and is anenvironmentally friendly energy. At present, the economical efficiency of natural gasin emission reduction is an important research project. This dissertation consists offour parts as follows:1. Based on the typical energy-saving technologies, according to the basicprinciples of energy conservation and emission reduction, the author of thisdissertation puts forward an energy conservation and emission reduction proposalfocusing on using the urban sewage as heat source complementary to the solar energy.In order to analyze the reasonableness of the means of energy conservation, on thebasis of a combination of theoretical foundation in economics and engineering, theauthor sets up a simulation analysis method to analyze the economical efficiency ofenergy conservation and emission reduction and measure the carbon dioxide emissionreduction.2. On the basis of the theory of market price and the principle of publiceconomics, combing the actual conditions of China’s city gas consumption, thisdissertation analyzes the basis of nature gas’s price, the functions of energy prices andthe basis of natural gas pricing. Using software, the author of this dissertation alsocarries out quantitative analysis on influence of the city natural gas price on theeconomic efficiency of energy conservation. The analysis results indicate thatappropriate increase in the price of natural gas can promote the enthusiasm of thepeople to save energy investment and help implement the measures to promote energyconservation and emission reduction.3. Based on the economic analysis model and software using MATLAB language,under different conditions, the author of the dissertation conducts simulation analysis and researches on urban sewage source of gas heat pump, solar energy-natural gasheat pump complementary heating, solar hot water-sewage dual water gas heat pumpheat and gas emissions of carbon dioxide, draws effecting laws of relevant parametersand provides basic data for the preparing of natural gas utilization process plans.4. In order to gain from the thermodynamic entropy’s theoretical results andpractical experience, this dissertation conducts analytical comparison on themutual-consistency and differences of the non-thermodynamic entropy andthermodynamic entropy. The author analyzes the energy conservation and emissionreduction process using entropy theory. Based on the variables of age limit ofrecoverable energy resources, relative emission reductions of carbon dioxide, percapita energy relative value and dependence of oil on foreign supplies, the author putsforward the formula to characterize the entropy of energy resources, carbon dioxideemission reduction, energy and ecological impact, energy security, and uses relevantdata to carry out empirical analysis and researches.更多还原