【作者】 吴维；

【导师】 赵新华；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 市政工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着国民经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，水资源的供需矛盾日益尖锐。我国不仅水资源缺乏，而且近年来水污染事件日益频发，作为抗生素的产量和用量大国，我国水环境中的抗生素污染必然十分严峻，而我国对抗生素污染的研究刚刚起步。通过研究，本文首次建立了饮用水中30种抗生素的痕量分析方法，该方法灵敏度高、准确性可靠、适用性好，其中四环素等三种物质的检测方法已于2010年通过国家认证认可监督管理委员会和国家实验室合格评定委员会的二合一评审，由该检测方法得出的检测结果可作为第三方出具公证性检测报告，且所出具的数据可以得到国际互认。此外，在对天津市供水系统中32个采样点，30种抗生素污染的系统监测中初步掌握了供水系统中抗生素污染状况与分布特征；潘家口水库鲤鱼、鲢鱼网箱应该是整个水库抗生素污染的主要来源，其附近水域中抗生素总量浓度最大值分别为118.30ng/L和98.42ng/L，最小值分别为7.70ng/L和16.83ng/L，而且污染会随着水库中的水体流动快速遍布整个下游水域；同时选定的新开河水厂及其一条输水管网沿线中抗生素残留浓度与原水变化基本一致，这说明常规工艺对抗生素污染基本没有去除效果，并且在输配过程中其自然降解作用很小。通过对各类水处理技术比选，本文认为活性炭吸附技术对抗生素具有良好的去除效果，去离子水的平均去除率可达到99.55%，原水的平均去除率93.72%。而且可以在天津市各水厂工艺改造中得到快速实施。粉末活性炭吸附抗生素的过程中，前10分钟为快速吸附过程，到120分钟时吸附达到饱和，其吸附动力学过程与抗生素种类和结构相关，相同类型抗生素，分子结构类似，与它们匹配的动力学方程也相似。颗粒活性炭的去除效果受滤速、污染物浓度影响，12m/h为较佳的流速。抗生素在颗粒炭床上的洗脱效果与它们的分子结构相关，洗脱效果主要受范德华力、氢键和其他取代基团的影响，分子量越大，氢键越多，洗脱效果越好，而含有F-,Cl-等取代基团的分子结构的抗生素几乎无法被洗脱。对于可以被洗脱的抗生素污染，应综合考虑抗生素污染浓度、颗粒碳床的吸附能力、反冲洗洗脱能力以及应用穿透方程设计出合理的工艺参数。对于不可以被洗脱的抗生素污染，只可选用粉末活性炭吸附。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid economic development and the continuous improvement ofpeople’s living standards, contradiction between water supply and demandincreasingly acute, not only in the lack of water, but also in the increasing frequencyof pollution incidents recently. As an important antibiotic production and usagenation, antibiotic contamination in the water environment in China is inevitably veryserious， while China has just started researches on antibiotics.Method to detect trace30kinds of antibiotics in drinking water is established inthis research projects firstly. The method has high sensitivity, and applicability, canqualitative and quantitative detect antibiotic drug residues in drinking water samples.Tetracycline，chlortetracycline and Doxycycline items are approved by CNAS, thereports can be used as official documents, which are accepted worldwidely. Thisstudy carry out sampling at32sampling points of the Tianjin water supply systemfor30antibiotics. The pollution situation begin to be known. The fish cages in thePanjiakou Reservoir is the main sources of the reservoir. The maximum totalconcentration of antibiotics were118.30ng/L and98.42ng/L, the minimum totalconcentration of antibiotics were7.70ng/L and16.83ng/L. And pollution spread todownstream quickly. In the samples of Xinkaihe water plant and one of itsconveyance contain antibiotic residues. The conventional process cannot remove theantibiotics, and in the distribution process natural degradation is very small.After comparison and selection of various types of water treatment technology,activated carbon adsorption technology has a good removal to antibiotics which isabove93%. Activated carbon can be used in the Tianjin water plant in processmodification quickly. In the first10minutes of powdered activated carbon’sadsorption process of antibiotics is for the fast adsorption process, and adsorptionreached saturation in120min. The adsorption kinetics of the process is related toantibiotic type and structure. Same type antibiotics have similar molecular structure,and similar kinetics equation. Granular activated carbon removal is influenced by the filtration rate, pollutant concentration.12m/h is the best flow rate. The elution ofantibiotics in the particulate carbon bed is related to their molecular structure. Theelution effect is influenced by the van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding andsubstituent group. The greater molecular weight and the more hydrogen bonds is,the better eluting is. But antibiotics with the molecular structure of the F-,Cl-substituent groups is almost impossible to be eluted. For antibiotics which can beeluted, the concentration of antibiotics, particulate carbon bed adsorption capacity,backwash elution ability and penetration equations should be considered to design areasonable process parameters. For antibiotics which cannot be eluted, only usepowdered activated carbon to adsorb.更多还原