【作者】 周钰；

【导师】 张玉坤；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 论文围绕街道界面形态的参数量化方法展开探索，旨在为我国城市规划中的街道界面控制提供有效的技术手段。全文主要由量化方法的理论探索及实践运用两部分组成。在理论探索部分，论文引入实验心理学理论，建立街道界面的“物理形态-心理认知”研究框架，就人对街道界面几何形态层面物理属性的心理认知进行量化研究。通过建立“理想模型”，运用虚拟现实技术进行心理认知实验，并引入实验心理学中的心理物理学及空间知觉理论，建立了“界面密度”与“贴线率”相结合的参数量化方法，综合表征街道界面的密集程度及贴线程度这两个最主要的特点。在实践运用部分，论文首先对街道的“界面密度”形态展开研究。运用统计学方法进行城市取样分析，发现街道“界面密度”与街区建筑密度存在近似正相关关系，街区建筑密度与街廓尺度存在近似负相关关系。街廓尺度越大，则街道“界面密度”越低。通过分析中外街道实例，发现街道界面的“密度表征”比“尺度表征”更为有效；小尺度街廓是形成优秀街道空间的必要条件；而舒适宜人的街道，其“界面密度”一般在70%以上。接着对街道的“贴线”形态展开研究。通过中西城市的取样比较，发现欧美城市的街道界面多为整齐平直（贴线），而中国则多为凹凸错落（不贴线）。规划法规的不同是造成这一差异的直接原因，而更为根本的则是中西不同的建筑文化传统。西方的小街廓及重视城市公共空间、注重建筑“立面”的传统使街道界面具有“贴线”特点。中国的大街廓和“门堂之制”主导的群体布局模式，以及木构建筑曲折变化的外观特点、界面错落的单体组合模式，使传统街道界面具有层次丰富的特点。通过分析街道实例，发现街道界面“贴线率”的高低与街道空间的舒适程度不存在绝对的对应关系。将街道“界面密度”与“贴线率”相结合的参数量化方法运用于历史文化街区保护规划的编制中，可进行街道界面的量化控制。以天津市解放北路历史文化街区为研究案例，量化分析街道界面特质，将参数转化为控制图则落实到地块层面，成为保护规划编制的一部分，可指导沿街地块建筑的有机更新。论文立足我国的城市现状，推导出一套能够有效描述街道界面形态的参数量化方法，并对街道界面形态的影响因素进行了深入分析，这对于我国城市规划中的街道界面控制具有积极的理论及实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper developed a quantitative method of using two parameters to describethe street interface, which could be used as an effective technical means to control thestreet interface based on the urban situation in China. The paper is composed by twomain parts: the theoretical exploration part and the practical application part.In the theoretical exploration part, the paper established the “physical form–psychological perception” research framework of street interface by experimentalpsychology theory. By using virtual reality technology to do psychological cognitiveexperiment, the paper found that the enclosing level and the extent of near-line are themost concerned interface characteristics in perception. By using psychophysics andspace perception theory in experimental psychology, this paper developed thequantitative method using Interface Density and Near-line Ratio to describe the maincharacteristics of street interface.In the practical application part, the paper analyzed the pattern of Street InterfaceDensity first. By analyzing urban samples, the paper discovered that Street InterfaceDensity has approximate positive correlation with District Building Coverage Ratio,and this ratio has approximate negative correlation with Block Scale. By analyzingstreet samples, the paper showed that density-index of street is more efficient thanscale-index. With studying the commercial pedestrian streets in main cities of China,the paper found that small block scale is a necessary condition to excellent streets.And generally speaking, the Interface Density of excellent streets is always above70%.Then the paper analyzed the pattern of Near-line Ratio. By analyzing streetsamples, the paper found that in manual planning urban fabric, the major streetinterfaces in European and American cities are always neat and straight, while inChina always irregular. Different urban planning regulation is the direct causation, butthe fundamental reason is the different architectural culture traditions. The westerntraditions such as small block scale, emphasizing urban public spaces, and focusingon building fa ades make the street interface straight. While the Chinese traditionssuch as big block scale, regarding Men-tang System as the orthodox ritual inarchitectural layout, and the irregular appearance of wooden architecture, the patternof assembling single buildings make traditional street interface irregular. By analyzingthe excellent streets in China and abroad, the paper found there is no absolutecorrespondence between the Near-line Ratio and comfortable street space.The paper took Jiefangbeilu historic conservation area in Tianjin as a case study,analyzed the characteristics of the street interface by the quantitative method of usingInterface Density and Near-line Ratio, then converted the control parameters intodrawings in parcel level in the conservation planning, in order to guide the organicrenewal of buildings along the street.The case study showed the effectiveness of the quantitative method, and alsoshowed that the research has not only theoretical but also practical significance.更多还原