【作者】 梁佳；

【导师】 高辉；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 太阳能是一种清洁、高效的可再生能源。光伏发电作为太阳能利用的重要方式，经过最近三四十年的快速发展，技术和经济方面基本具备了规模化发展的条件，成为世界各国能源替代的重要选择。同时，随着可持续建筑理念的普及和发展，光伏系统作为易于与建筑结合的供能系统，其应用日趋广泛，不仅有效地补给建筑运行期间能源需求，也成为世界能源结构优化的重要组成部分。我国近年来光伏产业迅速发展，产业规模已经在国际上处于领先地位。然而作为新兴产业，其能源效率和生产过程中环境的影响需要经过科学的论证。论文采用生命周期分析方法，对我国现阶段生产水平的建筑并网光伏系统从原料生产到废弃回收的全生命周期环境影响进行了系统研究。建立了较为完备的我国建筑并网光伏系统的生命周期清单。构建了基于终点破坏类型的建筑并网光伏系统生命周期环境影响模型，并对所建立的清单进行环境影响量化。以天津地区为例，对安装在不同建筑位置的1kWp建筑并网光伏系统生命周期的环境能源指数和环境影响进行模拟和计算。经论证，天津地区1kWp建筑并网光伏系统生命周期内消耗的能源能够通过自身光伏作用产生的能量在3-6年内回收。全生命周期产能为消耗能源的4-8倍，具有较好的能源效益。同时，与相同发电量的燃煤系统在同一环境影响评价模型下进行环境影响比较，建筑并网光伏系统与燃煤发电相比在能源耗竭和生态系统影响等方面具有较大优势。最后对天津地区某一多层建筑类型进行计算，安装并网光伏系统能够满足70%的居民非采暖用电负荷，在补偿建筑运行能耗方面具有一定作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solar energy is one of renewable energy with clean and efficient characteristics. Beinga worldwide choice to alternative energy, Photovoltaic Generation, utilizing solarenergy, has meet the technical and economic requirements for large-scale applicationafter rapid development in recent decades. Because of the development of sustainablebuilding and PV system integrated into building system easily, Grid-connectedBuilding-attached Photovoltaics (BAPV) is widely used, resulting in not onlysupplying enough energy for the operation of buildings but also being crucial role inoptimizing word energy structure. The industry scale of PV system in our country hasreached the international leading-position currently. However, as an emerging industry,it is necessary for PV system to demonstrate its operation efficiency and theenvironmental impacts caused by generation.Through life-cycle technology, this paper presents a systematic study ongrid-connected BAPV from production of materials to waste recovery, as well as acomplete list of BAPV. A model for life cycle of grid-connected BAPV based onendpoint damage is established with its potential environmental impact quantified. InTianjin, the range of energy pay-back time is3-6years for1kWpBAPV installed indifferent positions with energy return index and net electric generation in the wholelife cycle being4-8and10135-23027kWh respectively, achieving better economiceffectiveness. Simultaneously, compared with the environmental effects of the coalsystem, Grid-connected BAPV superior to the coal system with the minor limitationon environment to generate the same amount of electricity.更多还原