【作者】 胡立伟；

【导师】 张肖宁； 裴玉龙；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 交通工程设施是公路工程的重要组成部分，它对于降低交通事故的严重性，减少或消除公路横向、纵向的干扰，提高公路的通行能力和服务水平，充分发挥高等级公路安全、快速、经济、舒适的效能具有重要意义。目前相关研究主要集中于交通工程设施的类型、功能等方面，定性研究居多、定量分析较少，在交通工程设施驾驶容错能力方面的研究成果更是鲜见报道。公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错能力的研究，不仅与公路交通工程设施设计与设置的技术参数有直接关系，而且与驾驶人行为特性及驾驶人个性特征密切相关。本文在吸收和借鉴国内外在驾驶人行为特性、交通工程设施及容错理论等方面相关研究成果的基础上，采用宏观与微观、定性与定量相结合的分析方法，针对公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错能力展开研究，旨在通过对相关理论与方法的研究和探索，提高我国公路交通规划、设计、建设、运营实施成效，以改善公路交通运输效率与安全，实现公路交通可持续发展。本文分析了公路上行车驾驶人行为特性的主要影响因素，主要包括驾驶人个性指标、视觉特性、生理心理特性、公路环境、交通环境及车辆等。根据本文研究的主要内容与总体架构，制定了研究所需数据的实验测试采集方案，选择了不同里程的高速公路、一级公路、二级公路及三级公路作为实验路线，对数据进行了预处理，并建立了实验数据库。对公路交通工程设施的基本分类及其功能进行了分析。根据实验测试采集的数据，分析了驾驶人在不同等级公路上驾车时的视觉动态指标(注视、扫视及眨眼等相关指标)和驾驶人生理心理静态与动态特性指标(脑电图、心率、血容量、呼吸等相关指标)及驾驶人驾驶行为特性等数据的分布特征及变化规律。在分析公路交通工程设施信息动态视认影响因素的基础上，对公路交通工程设施信息及其度量方法进行了深入研究，构建了公路交通工程设施信息度量模型，据此建立了公路交通工程设施信息密熵、信息密度及信息强度模型，提出了分析公路交通工程设施信息的简化通用模型，以方便计算并保证模型的通用性。重新界定了驾驶错觉、驾驶差错、驾驶失误，分析了它们的内涵及彼此之间的演变规律；基于人因失误理论建立了驾驶人驾驶差错率、驾驶失误率计算模型；根据本文的研究需要及模型通用性，引入公路交通事故率及年平均日交通量两个参数对模型进行了简化，构建了驾驶失误率简化模型。容错理论产生并发展于计算机、航空航天及机械电子等领域，基于对国内外其它领域关于容错相关研究的归纳与总结，提出了公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错和公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错能力的概念，分析了其影响因素。根据公路环境复杂、交通工程设施的构成多样化特点，对公路交通工程设施基本信息量模型进行修正得到公路交通工程设施有效信息量模型，联合驾驶人驾驶失误率模型，构建了公路交通工程设施的基本驾驶容错能力模型，并根据高速公路、一级公路和二、三级公路等交通工程设施设计与设置的正确率、公路交通条件、公路车道宽、侧向净空宽及车道数等的不同对基本驾驶容错能力模型进行修正，得到公路交通工程设施的实际驾驶容错能力模型。为能够准确定量评价公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错能力，本文提出了公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错率的概念，基于驾驶容错能力的理论模型研究成果，构建了公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错率数学模型；根据公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错率确定了公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错等级为A级、B级、C级、D级和对应的容错水平为优、良、中、差，以及相应的容错色彩表达为绿、蓝、黄、红，并提出了公路交通工程设施的驾驶容错能力设计与设置标准建议。本文以研究公路交通工程设施驾驶容错能力为突破点，强调理论模型与实际应用相结合，在基本理论框架搭建、概念界定、指标选择及模型构建等方面有所创新，为公路交通工程设施的研究提供了新的思路与方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traffic engineering facilities are the important parts of highway projects, andthey have important significance to reduce the ponderance of traffic accidents,decrease or eliminate highway horizontal and vertical interference, increase highwaycapacity and service level, and give full play to the safe, fast, economical,comfortable capacity of the high-grade highways. At present, most researches focuson the type, function and role of traffic engineering facilities. These studies aremostly qualitative analysis, less quantitative analysis, and less study on drivingfault-tolerance capacity of highway traffic engineering facilities.The study on driving fault-tolerance capacity of highway traffic engineeringfacilities，not only has a direct relationship to the technical parameters of the highwaytraffic engineering facilities design and setting, but also closely related with thedrivers’ behavior characteristics and driver personality traits. The research startingpoints are the information quantity research of highway traffic engineering facilitiesand drivers’ driving error, in this thesis, and the study end-result is the drivingfault-tolerance capacity study of the highway traffic engineering facilities. This paper,base on absorbing and learning research results of the drivers’ behaviorcharacteristics, traffic engineering facilities, as well as fault-tolerance aspects athome and abroad. The theoretical research is its study main line, and themathematical models building is its research core, and use the combination analysismethods of macro and micro, qualitative and quantitative, and carry out the drivingfault-tolerance capacity study of highway traffic engineering facilities. Upon theinvestigation, achievements highlight in enhancing the plan, design, building andoperations of highway system, and ameliorating highway transport efficiency andsafety and achieving sustainable development highway transport in final.This paper analyzes the main influencing factors of drivers’ behaviorcharacteristics. Base on the main research contents and the general study framework,establishing the experimental test collection scheme, choosing the experimental roadroutes, collating, analyzing the experimental datum, and building the database.This paper analyzes the basic classification and the function of the highwaytraffic engineering facilities. In addition, analyzes the data distribution characteristicsand its variation of the drivers’ visual dynamic characteristics, physiological and psychological static and dynamic characteristics and the driver’s operatingcharacteristics, etc.Based on analyzing the main influencing factors of dynamic driving legibility ofhighway traffic engineering facilities information, this paper researches the highwaytraffic engineering facilities information and its measurement method and builds themathematical models of the highway traffic engineering facilities informationmeasurement, the information entropy, the information density and the informationintensity of the highway traffic engineering facilities. Moreover, bring forward theuniversal models of the highway traffic engineering facilities informationmeasurement, for convenience of calculation and versatility of model.The thesis put forward driving illusion, driving error and driving fault withdifferent mistakes in driving process on highway, and analyses their connotation andthe mutual evolution law. In addition, constructing mathematic models of the drivingerror rate and driving fault rate. The models are simplified by introducing twoparameters of the traffic accident rate and AADT.The paper bring forward the conception of the driving fault-tolerance and thedriving fault-tolerance capacity of the highway traffic engineering facilities base onsummarizing and analyzing the fault-tolerance theories of the other fields， analyzingthe influencing factors to the driving fault-tolerance capacity of the highway trafficengineering facilities. Through amend basic information quantity measurement modelbase on the multiple influencing factors, achieving the availability informationquantity measurement model, along with the simplified mathematic model of drivingfault rate, working together to build the basic driving fault-tolerance capacity modelof the highway traffic engineering facilities. Through amend basic drivingfault-tolerance capacity model base on some factors of the freeway, the first-classhighway and the two-lane highway,and so on, achieving the factual drivingfault-tolerance capacity model of the highway traffic engineering facilities.In order to quantitative evaluating the driving fault-tolerance capacity of thehighway traffic engineering facilities accurately，the paper bring forward the drivingfault-tolerance rate of the highway traffic engineering facilities, and building thedriving fault-tolerance rate mathematic model base on the research results of thedriving fault-tolerance capacity model. And make certain four driving fault-tolerancegrades are A, B, C and D, and corresponding to the fault-tolerance level are excellent,good, medium and bad, and corresponding to the fault-tolerance color are green, blue, yellow and red. Finally, the thesis gives some recommendations of the highwaytraffic engineering facilities design and setting standard of the driving fault-tolerancecapacity.This paper regards study on driving fault-tolerance capacity of highway trafficengineering facilities as the breakthrough point, emphasizing the combination oftheoretical models and practice check. Some research achievements enrich relevantresearch subjects of the highway traffic engineering facilities. This provides a newidea and direction for the study of the highway traffic engineering facilities.更多还原