【作者】 凌薇；

【导师】 金虹；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 在我国的能源资源消耗构成中，建筑行业所占比重巨大，而且随着我国建筑面积的增长，这个比重呈逐年上升趋势。我国是农业大国，多数人口在农村，国家十分重视农村的发展。近几年推出很多惠农政策，农民的生活水平得到明显提高，但是长期以来农村住宅却一直缺少关注，没有技术指导，一直处于盲目发展状态，导致农村人居环境不佳，尤其是严寒地区农村住宅受到恶劣气候的影响，冬季室内环境极差，严重影响农民生活质量。影响住宅室内热环境的因素很多，其中最重要的是外墙的热工性能。农村住宅要走可持续发展的道路，如何选择适合严寒地区农村住宅使用的，同时对生态环境影响最小的墙体构造成为亟待解决的问题。本文将全生命周期理论与生态足迹理论引入农村住宅外墙的研究。从严寒地区农村住宅外墙的特点出发，本着建设资源节约型和环境友好型农村的基本原则，从全新的角度利用科学的方法探索适合该地区农村住宅的外墙构造，寻求社会、经济、生态的最佳结合方式。本文主要研究内容有以下四个方面内容：（1）通过大量调查问卷和多次热工性能现场测试对严寒地区农村住宅现状进行了系统的调研，并分析整理调研结果，从中提炼严寒地区农村住宅特点；（2）系统分析了全生命周期理论和生态足迹理论，指出生态足迹理论在微观领域应用时应调整比较平台，并重新确定了均衡因子和产量因子的数值。分析了这两种理论应用的可行性，讨论了理论中的重要影响因素，并寻找到两种理论的结合点。首次提出了全生命周期循环因子和全生命周期维护因子的概念，对传统的生态足迹计算公式进行了修正。通过对多个影响因子的分析，结合农村住宅外墙构造特点和材料特点，创新性建立了严寒地区农村住宅外墙全生命周期生态足迹模型；（3）根据严寒地区农村住宅外墙全生命周期生态足迹模型，计算了多种构造外墙的生态足迹情况，定量化研究了农村住宅墙对环境的影响程度，并利用统计学方法分析了计算结果，发现了材料及构造对墙体生态足迹影响的规律，最后以分析结果为理论依据，提出了指导严寒地区农村住宅外墙构造的设计策略；（4）以全生命周期生态足迹理论墙体构造设计策略为指导，从可操作性的角度，借助实际工程展开了墙体构造设计研究。在经济性和社会性的前提下，提出了具体的构造设计方案。最后从热工环境性能、生态效益和经济效益这三个方面对工程进行了全面的测评。从测试结果来看，与传统住宅相对比，该工程室内热环境舒适，全生命周期生态足迹小，单位建筑成本低，在经济性、生态性和社会性三方面取得了较好的结果。通过对设计策略的应用验证了农村住宅外墙全生命周期生态足迹模型的合理性和有效性。本文首次提出全生命周期理论与生态足迹理论相结合的理念，提出了住宅外墙对生态影响的定量研究方法，建立了严寒地区农村住宅外墙全生命周期生态足迹模型，利用该模型研究了农村住宅墙体材料及构造对生态足迹的影响，最后提炼出指导墙体构造设计的策略。本文研究成果的学术价值在于为生态足迹理论在微观领域的研究提供了借鉴作用，文中提出的墙体构造设计策略可以直接指导严寒地区农村住宅的工程实践，具有极高的实际应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Among with many industrial sector,building indusry greatly costs resources andenergy.As the improvement of people’s living conditon,the building area is increasingevery year.And a large proportion of it comes from rural area.Chia is agriculturalcountry,majority population lives in the countryside. However,rural building is Lackof attention for a long time.They need technical direction.As a result, the humanliving environment is poor, especially in severe cold region.It’s affect farmers’ qualityof life in a serious way.The wall is determining factor for indoor thermalenverioment.Rural houses should develop in a sustainable way.It is an importantproblem demanding prompt solution, which how to choose green wall appropriate forrual residencial building.The life cycle theory and ecological footprint theory are brought in the researchof external wall of rural house. According to de peculiarity of rural house wall, andbased on fundamental principle of energy-saving and environmental protection, thispaper finds the wall structures that are suitable to rural houseThe main research in this paper is as follow:(1) By means of many questionnaires and several thermal performancetests,rural houses status in quo is surveyed.And rural house peculiarities areproposed;(2) The life cycle theory and ecological footprint theory are analysedsystematically.It is found that the compared plattform should be adjust and theequivalence factor and yield factor are calculated.The feasibility of application of twotheories are analysied. And paper discussed important factors in order to search forjunctions of them.Life cycle reclcle factor and maintenance factor are firstlyproposed.They correct traditional ecological footprint computational formula. Bymeans of analysis of many factors, combited with features of wall material andstructure, life cycle ecological footprint model of external wall of rural houses insevere cold region is built creatively.(3) According to the life cycle ecological footprint model of external wall ofrural houses in severe cold region, paper computes lots of ecological footprint ofexternal walls with different structure in order to quantitative researched the degreeof the impact on the environment of the wall. And the research results show the lawbetween wall material and structure with its ecological footprint. At last based onthese results, it is raised of design strategy of rural houses wall in severe cold region;(4) Under the leadership of design strategy of rural houses wall in severe coldregion, paper researches wall structure thought real project at the items of operational. And the project is assessed on the premise of economy and society。Contrasted withtraditional house, the project has good thermal indoor environment,low life cycleecological footprint.With low cost the building obtains good results in the economic,ecological and social.It is proved that the life cycle ecological footprint model ofexternal wall of rural houses in severe cold region is reasonable and effective.It is first Proposed that combained life cycle theory and ecological footprinttheory.And paper raises quantitative research method for external wall of residencialhouse and life cycle ecological footprint model of external wall of rural houses insevere cold region. It’s helpful for other micro field using the theory.And it willextend applied range of ecological footprint theory. Meanwhile, the research resultsin this paper have practical value.And it will conduct rural building projects.更多还原