【作者】 朱琳；

【导师】 卞正富；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 本文以可持续发展观为指导，以优先保障生态安全、经济社会协调发展为原则，以土地资源为载体，多角度探讨资源枯竭城市转型发展的可持续性。文章首先指出资源枯竭城市特征和存在问题，提出结构性缺损和功能性缺损概念；基于可持续发展理论、生命周期理论、耗散结构理论，探讨资源枯竭城市转型机理；从转型期土地利用/覆盖变化特征、生态足迹和生态承载力状况，评价转型发展过程中城市系统的健康性；从城市系统耗散结构特征出发，建立系统熵流模型，观察生产力活动对城市系统熵流贡献情况，分析转型发展过程中城市系统有序性变化情况；剖析土地利用系统和城市发展系统耦合关系，判定城市系统协调性；并以社会调查为基础，了解矿山关闭对社会经济环境影响情况，收集群众对城市转型发展成果的感知和建议，提出可持续转型发展对策。主要结论如下：（1）资源枯竭城市具有结构性缺损和功能性缺损特征。资源枯竭城市结构性缺损包括自然、经济、社会结构性缺损，表现较为突出的是土地利用结构和经济结构；功能性缺损包括生产、生态服务、承载、社会服务、文化功能方面。通过对城市结构性缺损和功能性缺损之间关系的分析，指出资源枯竭城市转型发展的可持续，需要通过调适城市结构和完善城市功能来实现。（2）在可持续发展、生命周期和耗散结构理论指导下，资源枯竭城市转型机理表现出典型的生命周期和耗散结构特征。资源枯竭城市处在资源型城市生命周期衰落期，其转型过程表现出开放性、远离平衡态、非线性和涨落性的耗散结构基本特征，通过对处在远离平衡态的城市系统加入“涨落”扰动，使其在非线性作用下放大为巨涨落，引导和控制资源枯竭城市转型方向。（3）资源枯竭城市贾汪转型期间，城市系统健康状态不佳。通过土地利用/覆盖变化分析、传统生态足迹和三维生态足迹核算得知，2000-2010年间，生态足迹不断增加、生态承载力缓慢下降，并于2004年开始出现生态赤字，表现出不断增长态势，当年的生态足迹高度为1.62，即自然系统需要1.62年才能生产出满足当年城市发展对生物生产量的需求，至2010年，生态赤字增长到了2004年的12.85倍，生态足迹高度增长到9.89年，主要影响因素为建设占用耕地较多、工业偏重化发展与生态恢复滞后。（4）贾汪城市系统朝向有序性方向发展。通过熵流模型分析，自2000年以来，贾汪城市系统经历了负熵-正熵-负熵流的过程，朝有序方向发展的时间起点为2006年，影响城市有序性的因素包括：科学的土地资源配置、合理的资金投入、技术进步与应用、劳动力构成等。（5）通过分析城市发展系统和土地利用系统之间的耦合关系，将城市发展划分为系统协调、系统退化、系统解体和新周期产生四个阶段，对资源枯竭城市转型发展的协调性进行了评价，得出贾汪转型发展自2001年起进入初步协调阶段；通过三段求合法对经济增长和建设用地面积变化Logistic模拟发现，土地扩张对经济增长的贡献即将进入稳定阶段，导致城市系统协调性增长缓慢。（6）采用社会调查方法，开展了资源枯竭城市转型发展的社会满意度评价，并结合系统健康性、有序性和协调性评价结果，提出了贾汪转型发展对策，主要包括通过生态建设和环境恢复提高城市系统承载力，通过调整产业结构，发展低碳经济，降低城市发展生态足迹，改善城市系统健康性；通过科学合理配置土地资源，转变经济增长方式，提高公众参与度和制度创新等对策，保障资源枯竭城市转型发展的可持续。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the limitation and un-renewable nature of mineral resources, the sustainabledevelopment of resource-based cities requires the resource-exhausted cities totransform for survival, and avoid the situation of “exhaustion of minerals and death ofa city”. However, the issues of resource restraint, economic recession and outstandingsocial conflicts make the resource-exhausted cities encounter many difficulties duringthe transition, in order to ensure the sustainability of transitional development, thetracing of the sustainability of transitional development for the resource-exhaustedcities has profound significance for the testing of city transition effect, finding theproblems existing in the transitional development process, and adjusting the thinkingof transition.The thesis discusses the characteristics and sustainability of transitionaldevelopment from multiple perspectives with the sustainable development idea asinstruction, the primarily protecting the ecological safety and the coordinateddevelopment of economics and society as principle, and the land resource as carrier.（1）The resource-exhausted cities have the characteristics of structural andfunctional defects. The system structural defect of resource-exhausted cities includesthe structural defects in nature, economy and society, which are primarily reflected onthe land use structure and economic structure, the functional defect includes the defectsin production, ecological service, carrier, social service, and social function. Byanalyzing the relation between city structural defect and functional defect, it is indicatedthat the sustainable development of transition for the resource-exhausted cities need tobe realized through the adjustment of city structure and the completion of city functions.（2） The transition mechanism of resource-exhausted cities relies on thetheoretical instruction of the sustainable development, life cycle and dissipativestructure. Resource-exhausted cities are in the decline stage of the life cycle for theresource-exhausted cities, their transitional process shows the basic characteristics ofdissipative structure, by adding the “fluctuation” disturbance in the city system that isfar away from the balance status, amplify into huge fluctuation under the non-lineareffect, so as to guide and control the transitional direction of the resource-exhaustedcities.（3）Poor health condition of urban systems. It is found through the LUCCcharacteristics analysis that in the recent20years, the cultivated area has been continuously decreasing, the urban and rural construction areas have been continuouslyincreasing, and the decreasing speed of cultivated area shows the trend of growth;during the period from2000to2010, the ecological footprint keeps growing, theecological carrying capacity slowly declines, and the ecological deficit began to appearsince2004and take on the trend of continuous growth; by2010, the biologicalproduction volume consumed by the development of Jiawang will need9.89years tocomplete based on the land carrying capacity of the year. Urban construction anddevelopment relies on farmland occupation, which seriously exceeds the carryingcapacity of the ecological system, so it is not good for the sustainable development ofcities.（4）Urban system towards the orderly direction development. By the entropyflow model, it reveals that there is the process from negative entropy to positive entropy,and then back to negative entropy in Jiawang during the transformation period. The citysystem has been into orderly development since2006, and the factors influence systemorderly contain scientific and reasonable land resource allocation, capital investment,technical progress and application, labour force structure and so on.（5）Through the coupling factor calculation between land use and urbandevelopment, the coupling factor of Jiawang’s land use and urban development sub-system has been gradually increasing and entered the preliminary coordinativedevelopment stage. Using three-stage method to simulate the logistic curve of therelationship between economic growth and construction area, the study find that thecontribution to economic growth from construction area expansion, which is the reasonof city system coordination increasing slowly.（6）A social survey regarding the closing of mines and city transition indicatedthat the closing of mines have significant influence on the residents in the mining area,which was mainly reflected in the decline of family economic income, and difficulty ofreemployment; the sources of income for families in the non-mining areas wererelatively diversified, so the influence was not very great; currently the most urgentproblems are environment recovery, reemployment of unemployed workers,reclamation of sunk lands, reusing of wasted lands, air purification, recovery oflandscape, etc; the social survey of Jiawang’s transition from resource-exhausted cityindicated that after several years of transitional development, the influence of resourceexhaustion on residents’ production and living would gradually decrease, and therecovery and improvement of ecological environment would have significant effect, the residents suggested that it should keep strengthening the ecological construction, theywere looking forward to the development of the ecological agriculture, tourism industry,high-tech industry and non-pollution industry, and had relatively high participation andsupporting wills on the development of ecological agriculture, tourism industry and thenew-rural area construction.更多还原