【作者】 徐嘉兴；

【导师】 李钢；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 煤炭资源的开发利用在促进经济社会发展的同时，也对矿区生态环境造成极大破坏，严重制约矿区经济社会的可持续发展，随着煤炭能源需求的持续增加，煤矿区生态环境累积效应不断加强，矿区生态环境问题，已成为制约矿区可持续发展乃至区域生态安全的重大隐患，矿区生态环境综合治理已迫在眉睫。基于上述背景，在国土资源部公益性行业科研专项“典型区域土地资源数量—质量—生态监测及持续利用应用示范”（201211050）和国土资源后大调查项目“重点区域土地生态状况调查与评估”支持下，本文以徐州市贾汪矿区为例，借助遥感与GIS技术，综合运用土地利用变化学、景观生态学、生态影响评价等一般原理与方法，系统地研究了采煤驱动下矿区土地生态演变的时空规律及驱动机制，综合评价矿区土地生态质量状况。论文取得了以下成果：（1）论文从复合生态系统理论角度阐述了矿区生态系统的概念、组成及演替规律，并从影响形式、影响程度和特征等方面分析煤炭资源开采对土地生态系统的胁迫性；然后，从土地质量的定义出发，阐述土地生态质量与土地质量的关系、土地生态质量评价的内容、评价指标和评价方法。（2）采用地物光谱特征分析和最佳因子法确定贾汪区Landsat TM/ETM+影像的波段组合，利用基于最大似然法的监督分类与目视解译相结合的方法进行贾汪矿区土地利用分类，并进行精度评价，其结果表明该分类方法具有较高的精度，各年份的分类结果总体精度在0.82以上。（3）综合应用土地利用动态度、土地利用变化率、土地利用变化综合程度指数、转移矩阵模型、土地利用结构信息熵、均衡度与优势度等多种定量分析模型，系统地研究矿区土地利用时空演变特征。（4）在讨论景观空间格局分析方法、尺度效应等的基础上，提出景观格局分析流程，通过选取斑块数量/面积、形状、结构和多样性四种类型景观格局指数，从景观水平和斑块类型水平分析了采煤驱动下景观空间格局演变特征。（5）借助Logistic回归模型可构建性、可操作性及变量的强解释性等优点，构建了矿区土地利用变化的Logistic回归模型，选取、社会和空间距离变量等因素，揭示了研究区土地利用演变的驱动机制。（6）在国内外N、P非点源污染研究的基础上，结合矿区非点源污染的来源及特点，采用SCS模型模拟地表径流，研究了不同时期采煤驱动下土地利用变化的非点源污染输出响应及变化趋势。（7）从景观生态学角度，阐述土地生态质量的衡量标准，根据矿区景观生态特征，从生态系统稳定与干扰程度2个方面构建了矿区的景观干扰程度指数（LDI）、景观稳定程度指数（LSI）和矿区土地生态质量综合指数（LEQI），提出了土地生态质量评价的技术流程，并分析了土地复垦前后矿区土地生态质量及其变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 While promoting economic and social development, the exploitation andutilization of coal resources cause great damage to the ecology and environment ofmining area, which seriously constraints sustainable development of the economy andsociety. As coal energy demand continues to increase, the cumulative effect ofecological environment of coal mining area continues to strengthen. Ecological andenvironmental problems have become a major obstacle that restricts the sustainabledevelopment of mining area, even the regional ecological security. Comprehensivemanagement of mine ecological environment is extremely urgent. Based on the abovebackground, integrated using land use change science, the general principles andmethods of landscape ecology and ecological impact assessment, taking Jiawangmining area in Xuzhou as the case study, this thesis presents the spatial and temporalevolution characteristics of Mine land ecology and its drive mechanism using RemoteSensing （RS） and Geographic Information System （GIS） techniques. The thesis isjointly supported by Key Projects in the National Science&Technology PillarProgram during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period （No.20121105006）, the Ministryof Land and Resources “commonweal special fund project”（No.2012110011,20121105006） and Research and Innovation Project for College Graduates of JiangsuProvince （No. CXZZ11₀301）. Main contents of the thesis are listed as follows:（1） The paper elaborated on the concept, composition and succession laws ofmine ecosystem, from the perspective of complex ecological systems theory. Stress ofcoal mining on the land ecosystem is analyzed from the effect form, extent andcharacteristics. The thesis also elaborated on the relationship between land ecologicalquality and land quality, the content, indicators and methods of land ecological qualityassessment.（2） The features of earth surface object’s spectrum and optimum index factorwere used to fix Band combination of Landsat TM/ETM+in Jiawang. Land useclassification in Jiawang area was made through the synthetic method of both visualinterpretation and supervised classification based on the maximum likelihood method,and the accuracy evaluation was made. The results show that this classification method has higher accuracy, and the overall accuracy of the classification results foreach year is more than0.82.（3） With the supporting of GIS, land use dynamic degree, land use change rate,land use comprehensive index, Transfer matrix model, Information entropy of landuse structure, balanced degree and dominance degree were applied synthetically tostudy the spatial-temporal evolution of the land use from the process to the pattern indetail.（4） On the basis of the discussion of landscape pattern analysis method and scaleeffect, the paper proposed the landscape pattern spatial analysis process. Thecharacteristics of landscape pattern change of coal mining were analyzed based onlandscape metrics from the landscape level and the plaque type level.（5） With the advantages of the operability and variable strong explanatory, thelogistic regression model of land use change was constructed, which revealed thedrive mechanism of land use change from economic, social and spatial distancefactors.（6） On the basis of the study of N, P non-point source pollution at home andabroad, combining the sources and characteristics of non-point source pollution inmining area, the paper applied the SCS model to simulate the process of rainfall andrunoff of Jiawang mining area, and analyzed non-point source pollution outputresponse of land use change of coal mining in different periods.（7） The evaluation index system and the evaluation model was constructed formstability and disturbance level of land ecosystem by using the method of landscapeecology, and technical processes of landscape ecological quality evaluation wasproposed. The land ecological quality in Jiawang mining area was evaluated in1987-2010, and its changes were analyzed.更多还原