【作者】 李明；

【导师】 姜波；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 在构造煤宏观、微观变形及其结构特征深入研究的基础上，对构造煤进行了系统分类，探讨了构造煤变形序列及其演化特征。结合扫描电镜、压汞与二次压汞、低温液氮吸附和FT-IR、13C NMR结构分析实验，深刻揭示了构造煤的孔隙结构和大分子结构随构造煤变形序列及不同构造作用类型的演化机理及其控制因素。取得了如下主要成果：（1）基于构造煤结构和形成机制，将构造煤类型系统划分为碎裂煤、片状煤、碎斑煤、碎粒煤、鳞片煤、揉皱煤和糜棱煤7种类型及19种亚类，深入分析了构造煤宏观、微观变形及结构特征，进一步厘定了构造煤的变形演化序列，并提出构造煤变形序列具有“多种作用结合、整体错列增长”的新认识。（2）首次进行了构造煤摩擦面的变形特征和分类研究，根据其起伏程度及变形特征可分为P型、N型、S型、C型、W型和D型共计6大类16种类型。揭示了构造煤摩擦面相关发育和穿越效应及其对煤大分子结构演化的影响，随着构造煤变形序列的演化，摩擦面由N型向S型、C型、P型、W型和D型逐步过渡发育，摩擦面对煤大分子结构的影响远超出了不同类型构造煤间的差异，且不同类型摩擦面的影响作用也有所不同。（3）深入探讨了构造煤不同结构类型和构造作用类型对孔隙结构的影响方式、作用机理及其差异性，多重构造作用的影响程度不同且存在碎粒作用＞剪切作用＞揉皱作用＞碎裂作用的递减顺序。随着构造作用的增强，所作用阶段孔容增幅也随之增长，而主要构造变形尺度则具有逐渐减小的趋势。进一步提出了平行型、反S型、尖棱型、M型、双S型和双弧线型六种孔隙结构类型与10峰、1000峰、1W峰和10W峰孔容增量峰形态特征及其构造成因意义。二次压汞揭示了构造煤的孔喉发育特征。同时分析了构造煤大分子结构特征及不同构造作用下的演化趋势，Z1和Z3对构造变形具有很好的指示作用，剪切作用强烈促进了芳构化程度的增高和芳香稠环的增大，韧性揉皱作用影响较弱，而碎粒碎斑化作用整体则不利于芳构化作用的进行。（4）提出了构造煤显微构造变形效应、显微复合变形构造及尺度分异效应的新观点，为构造煤显微变形分析及其成因机制探讨提供了新的途径，且在构造煤的变形成因标识和变形条件系统研究的基础上，提出了构造煤成因机制的13种作用类型，进一步从本质上揭示了构造煤的成因机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the further research of macro-and microscopic deformation characteristicsand structural features of tectonically deformed coal, systematic classification, deformationsequence and corresponding evolution characteristics were discussed. In combination withthe tests of SEM, MIP, SMIP, LTNA, FT-IR and13C NMR, the evolution mechanism andcontrol factors of pore structure and molecular structure of tectonically deformed coal withthe difference of deformation sequences and deformation types were determined. Thefollowing conclusions have been made:(1) Tectonically deformed coal can be systematically divided into cataclasticstructural coal, schistose structural coal, mortar structural coal, granulitic structural coal,scaly structural coal, wrinkle structural coal and mylonitic structural coal,7types and19sub-types in total, based on the consideration of its structure and formation mechanism.Macro-and microscopic deformation characteristics and structural features were furtherdiscussed and the deformation evolution sequences, with the characteristics of multipleeffect combination and overall dislocation growth, were determined.(2) Deformation characteristics and classification of sliding surface of tectonicallydeformed coal were analyzed for the first time. According to the flatness and deformationcharacteristics, the sliding surface can be divided into types P, N, S, C, W and D,6typesand16sub-types in total. The effects of correlative and cross development and itsinfluence upon molecular structure evolution were discussed. Sliding surface transitedfrom type N to types S, C, P, W and D gradually, with the evolution of tectonicallydeformed coal deformation sequence.(3) The modes, mechanism and differences of effects on pore structure from differentstructural and deformation types were discussed systematically. The effects of differentdeformation types were different and presented a descending order of granulitic process,shear process, wrinkle process and cataclastic process. With the increase of structuraldeformation, the growth of corresponding stage pore volume was increased and thedeformation scale of coal was gradually reduced. Six types of pore structure, parallel type,reverse S type, angular type, M type, double S type and double curvature type were defined,as well as the pore volume incremental peak shape and their deformation originsignificance of10peak,1000peak,1W peak and10W peak. Pore throat developmentcharacteristics in tectonically deformed coal were determined by the SMIP. Tectonicallydeformed coal molecular structural features and their evolution trends with different structural deformation process were analyzed. Structural deformation is well indicated byparameters Z1and Z3. The increase of aromatization extent and aromatic fused ring wereintensively promoted by shear process, and the effect of ductile wrinkle process is weak,while the granulitic and mortar processes are unfavorable to aromatization.(4) New viewpoints of microscopic deformation effect, combination of microscopicdeformation structures and scale differentiation effect of tectonically deformed coal werepresented, which provides new methods for the analysis of microscopic deformation anddeformation mechanism of tectonically deformed coal. Based on the systematicallyresearch of deformation process signs and deformation conditions of tectonically deformedcoal,13effect types of structural deformation mechanism were presented, which reveal thedeformation mechanism of tectonically deformed coal essentially.更多还原