【作者】 阮文苏；

【导师】 侯友夫；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 双质体振动给料机是一种广泛应用在冶金、煤炭、电力、化工、建材、轻工和粮食等行业中的给料设备。目前双质体振动给料机大多是采用经验数据和安全系数的设计方法，未充分考虑结构的工作动态特性，因此不能保证产品结构的设计合理性，导致电耗高、振幅不稳定、产量较低、噪音大、使用寿命短等缺点。所以，采用现代设计方法研究和制造双质体振动给料机，提升设计水平、缩短产品开发周期及提高产品可靠性等已成为一项重要的研究课题。为此，本论文采用虚拟设计、动态设计、有限元分析、动力学仿真等现代设计方法对双质体振动给料机的设计技术展开了研究。通过对双质体振动给料机的工作原理和给料槽体内物料的运动形式的研究，推导出给料槽体工作面的位移、速度、加速度、物料运动的理论平均速度和产量的计算公式，总结出双质体振动给料机工艺参数的选择原则和方法；分析了物料运动速度的影响参数，并利用MATLAB优化工具箱对其进行了优化计算，得到了小倾角椭圆振动给料机物料在抛掷运动状态下输送速度最大时的最佳运动学参数。建立了双质体振动给料机的动力学模型和四自由度振动方程，给出了振动方程的求解方法。对振动方程的分析表明，双质体振动给料机出现前、后摇摆振动的原因是激振力不通过机体质心，在此基础上提出了使双质体振动给料机减少前、后摇摆振动的措施。同时计算了双质体振动给料机的动力学参数，为有限元模型的创建与动力学仿真研究提供了基础数据。应用三维CAD绘图软件SolidWorks建立了双质体振动给料机三维模型，完成给料机的虚拟装配，干涉检验和整机参数的校验。利用Visual Basic对SolidWorks进行了二次开发，建立了人机交互界面，通过Visual Basic编程实现不同参数的模型更新，实现一参数一模型的自动生成和模型的重新装配，并实现了三维实体模型向二维工程图的自动转换，以便直接用于生产。整合以上功能建立了双质体振动给料机虚拟设计系统，有效缩短了产品开发周期、节省了制造成本、提高了设计质量。采用三维CAD绘图软件SolidWorks、有限元分析软件ANSYS、多体动力学仿真软件MSC.ADAMS联合仿真技术，建立了双质体振动给料机的刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型，并进行了动力学仿真分析，得到了整机的运动学和动力学参数、主振弹簧和隔振弹簧受力曲线及振动方向角变化曲线等。结果表明，在开机和停止阶段，给料机会出现前后和左右的摇摆，但幅度不大，隔振弹簧承受较大的冲击载荷，易发生剪断破坏，主振弹簧在起动和停止阶段受力很小，工作时振幅平稳，其破坏形式主要为稳定阶段的疲劳失效；双质体振动给料机的平均振动方向角仿真值为34.8°，与理论设计值35°基本一致。仿真结果与理论计算结果的对比分析表明，两者具有较好的一致性，由此证明了双质体振动给料机动力学仿真模型的正确性及仿真结果的可靠性。应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对给料槽体进行了自由模态分析，结果表明给料槽体在额定工作频率下工作不会出现共振现象；对双质体振动给料机整机进行了约束模态分析和谐响应分析，结果表明双质体振动给料机能够成功地克服共振，实现平稳地起动和正常工作。应用ANSYS Workbench软件对主振弹簧、给料槽体等关键易损零部件进行了疲劳分析，得出了寿命图、损伤图、安全系数等疲劳分析参数，确定了弹簧的薄弱环节、不安全和易损伤区域，进而分析了结构设计的合理性，并估算出了使用寿命，为优化设计提供了依据。对双质体振动给料机进行了空载实验，测得了各测点的运动轨迹和振动方向角，实验结果与理论分析结果和仿真结果基本一致，证明了双质体振动给料机动力学分析的正确性。同时，实验表明双质体振动给料机的工作性能和振动特性能够满足设计要求。对给料槽体进行了自由模态试验，测得了给料槽体的固有频率和振型，结果表明试验模态分析结果和理论模态分析结果基本一致，验证了所建立的有限元模型的合理性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two-mass vibratory feeder is widely used in metallurgy, coal, electric power,chemical, building materials, light industry and food industry in feeding equipment etc.But the production practice has showed the following shortcomings: high powerconsumption, unstable amplitude, low output, high noise, short service life etc. In addition,the traditional design is mostly using empirical data and safety coefficient design method,which can not accurately reveal the internal structure of the dynamic stress distribution;therefore it can not guarantee the product structure design is reasonable, which directlyaffect product performance and service life. Therefore, researching and manufacturingTwo-mass vibratory feeder by modern design method，upgrading the level of design,shortening the product development cycle and improving product reliability have becomeimportant research subjects. This dissertation has used virtual design, dynamic design,optimization design, finite element analysis, dynamic simulation and other modern designmethods to carry out research on dynamic design of two-mass vibratory feeder.On the bases of the study in working principle of the two-mass vibratory feeder andthe material motion in the trough, the formulas of the displacement, velocity andacceleration of the working face and the theoretical average velocity of the material motionare obtained. The principles and methods chosen for the proper process parameters for thetwo-mass vibratory feeder are summarized, and the Optimization Toolbox of MATLAB isused to get the best kinematic parameters for the small obliquity elliptical vibratory feeder,with the maximal conveying velocity and under the material throw condition.The dynamic model and four freedom degrees vibration equations of the two-massvibratory feeder are established. The method which solves the vibration equations is putforward. According to the analysis of vibration equations, the reason that results in forwardand backward swing of the two-mass vibratory feeder is that exciting force doesn’t passthrough the centroid. Based on that, the approaches to prevent the feeder from swinging arealso put forward. Calculation of the kinetic parameters of two-mass vibratory feeder, forthe finite element model is created and dynamics simulation study provides basic data.Based on Visual Basic6.0, the paper does secondary development for SolidWorks.Establishing interactive interface, completing different parameters of the model updated byVisual Basic programming, automatically saving every parts and assembly.Three-dimensional solid model is automatically converted to the two drawings for directlyused in the production. Finally integrating above function the paper creates a virtual design system as user interface, thus shorten the product development cycle, save manufacturingcost, and improve design quality.Using3D CAD software SolidWorks, the finite element analysis software ANSYS,multi body dynamic simulation software MSC.ADAMS joint simulation technology, andestablished a two-mass vibratory feeder rigid-flexible virtual prototype model, the buildingof two-mass vibratory feeder rigid-flexible virtual prototype model. Using the establishedmodel of virtual prototype dynamics simulation analysis is based on the two-massvibratory feeder to get the kinematics and kinetic parameters, which are the main vibrationspring and vibration isolation spring force curve and vibration direction angle curve andparameters. Simulation results, theoretical calculation and experimental results werecompared, the simulation result with the theoretical calculation and experimental resultsare in good design, which proves that two-mass vibratory feeder dynamic simulationmodel is correct. The simulation study also shows that during starting up and stoppingstage, feeder appears around the swing, but range is not big, the vibration isolation springbear larger impact load, prone to shear failure, the master vibration spring force is verysmall, the main failure patterns for the phase stability of fatigue failure; the averagetwo-mass vibratory feeder of vibrating direction angle of the simulation value is34.8°anddesign value of35°theory basically is the same, proved that the two-mass vibratory feederhas better production efficiency.The ANSYS software is used to analyze the unconstrained mode of the feeding trough,it has shown that the resonant of feeding trough does not appear on the rated workingfrequency, and the structure design of the feeder trough is reasonable. So the constrainedmodal analysis and harmonic analysis are conducted. It shows that the two-mass inertialvibratory feeder can conquer resonance, and reposeful starting and normal working can becarried out. Appling to ANSYS Workbench, the paper does fatigue analysis of mastervibration spring, a feeding trough body and other key vulnerable parts in this section,obtaining the parameter chart of the life, damaged and safety factor, analyzing therationality of the design of the structure, estimating their service life, finding the weaklinks, unsafe and easily damaged area to provide a basis for design optimization andproduction strength.No-load experiment research of the two-mass vibratory feeder is accomplished. Themotion tracks and vibration direction angles of every measuring point are obtained. Theexperimental and theoretical results are basically consistent. It proves that the dynamicanalysis is right. It is also shown that the working performance and dynamic characteristic of the feeder can meet the design aims. Through the unconstrained modal experiment studyon feeding trough, the natural frequency and vibration modes of feeding trough areobtained. The results, which are basically consistent with the theoretical results showingthe finite element model is reasonable.更多还原