【作者】 陈晓娜；

【导师】 王华田； 鲁法典；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 为充分解放林业生产力，彻底解决原有集体林权制度存在的产权主体模糊、权责利不清、收益权不落实等瓶颈问题，2008年6月，我国开始全面推进以“明确所有权，放活经营权，落实处置权，确保收益权”为目的的集体林权制度改革，这次改革被称为农村第二次“土地革命”，对促进我国农村经济发展、提高林业生产力、解决“三农”问题具有重大意义。泰安市地处鲁中南腹地，林情及林业发展水平在全省均具有代表性。本文以泰安市为例，对具有北方农区林业特点的集体林权制度改革进行研究，以产权、制度变迁等系统理论为基础，采用层次模糊优选、灰色预测、聚类分析等研究方法，通过实证调研和案例分析，系统构建了林改效果评价指标体系，客观评价了林改综合效益，初步预测了林改后的林业可持续发展趋势，分类归纳了基层村级林改模式并进行选择，全面分析了林改存在的实际问题及原因，系统阐述了推进配套改革的措施对策，得到如下成果：（1）筛选出31项林业发展的主要指标，划分为4个层级，初次系统构建了适合北方农区林业特点的效益指标评价体系。（2）建立层次模糊优选模型，对林权改革效果进行了客观评价。集体林权改革大幅度提升了林业综合效益，但林改后经济、生态、社会效益增幅不平衡，经济效益明显增长，生态和社会效益相对滞后。（3）建立灰色GM（1,1）预测模型，对林权主体改革后泰安市林业可持续发展趋势进行了客观有效地预测。集体林权制度改革极大促进了林业的可持续发展，林业综合效益指数呈加速发展态势。（4）全面剖析泰安市集体林权制度改革整体进程，评价了村级主体林改模式。对全市6个县市区、19个乡镇的22个典型案例村的林情和林改成效进行了聚类分析和效益评价，总结归纳出“均林”、“均利”、“均股”三种主体林改基本模式，提出要根据林情、经济发展水平及社情民意，因地制宜地选择主体改革模式。多林地区或林农对林地的依赖程度高的地区，主要采取均林到户的方式；反之，林地资源不丰富的地区，多采取均股或均利的方式。（5）提出集体林权制度改革存在“九难”问题，即融资投入难、林权流转难、处置增收难、风险管护难、社会服务难、规模经营难、纠纷解决难、法规健全难，并据此提出继续深化林改、推进配套改革的对策，即加快推进林业生产要素市场交易平台建设，建立林地资源流转机制、林业投融资机制、支持集体林业发展的公共财政机制，完善森林资源评估和抵押贷款体系、森林资源管理体系、林业社会化服务体系、林业政策法规体系、林业风险保障体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are some bottleneck problems in the original collective forest right system, whichincludes unclear property right, obscure responsibility and profit, and ineffective earnings, etc.In order to fully improve forestry productivity and solve those problems, China began to takeactions of "clear ownership, allow flexibility, implement the right of disposition, ensureusufruct" in June,2008. The purpose of this reformation of forest property system, named thethird "land revolution", plays a significant role in promoting economic development ofcountry, improving forest productivity, as well as, solving the problems of farmers, countries,and agriculture.In this paper, we take Taian as an example place of North China to study the reformationof collective forest property system. It is representative and playing an important part ofagricultural-forestry in Shandong province. Here, based on property right and institutionalchange system theory, we adopt the hierarchy fuzzy optimal, grey prediction, clusteringanalysis, and other methods evaluated comprehensive benefit of forest tenure reform bydemonstrative investigating and case analyzing. Effective forest tenure reform evaluationindex system was constructed. Moreover, we preliminary forecasted the sustainabledevelopment trend of forestry after forest tenure reform, classified grassroots village foresttenure reform mode, and analyzed comprehensively analphabetic problems and reasonsexisting in forest tenure reform, as well as, discussed measures to promote coordinated reformsystemically.Main research contents and results were as follows:（1）Selected31major indicates which can affect the development of forestry, and wedivided them into four levels. Among them, systemically benefit evaluation index system issuitable for the north agricultural-forestry, so we constructed this model.（2）Effects of the forest tenure reform was evaluated by hierarchical fuzzy optimummodel objectively. The reform of collective forest rights greatly enhanced forestrycomprehensive benefits, but economic, ecological, and social benefit grew unbalanced afterforest tenure reform. Economic efficiency increases obviously, while ecological and socialbenefits relatively grew slowly.（3）Grey GM (1,1) forecasting model was compiered. Sustainable development trend offorestry in Taian after forest tenure reform was predicted effectively and objectively. Theresult was: the collective forest tenure reform enormously promoted the forestry sustainable development and accelerated forestry comprehensive efficiency index.（4）The whole process of collective forest right system reform in Taian was analyzedComprehensively. Six counties and22typical villages in Taian as cases in19towns wereselected, and three forest tenure reform modes of "the average forest","average interest" and"average shares" was summarized by clustering and benefit assessment method. Measures andreform mode was decided according to local conditions of forest resources situation,economic development level and public opinion."The average forest" mode should be chosenin the situation that much forest areas or high degree of forestry farmers rely on forestlandregions, and "average interest" or "average shares" mode should be chosen in poor forestlandresources area.（5）Nine difficult problems in the collective forest tenure reform was put forward, namelyfinancing difficult, forest right circulation difficult, disposal income difficult, riskmanagement difficult, social service difficult, scale management difficult, dispute resolutiondifficult, and sound legal difficult. Dealing with the nine difficult problems, we constructed a"platform", improved "three mechanism", and improved "the five big systems" to deepenmain forestry reform and promoted the assorted reform. Therefore, nine measures were putforward: speeded up the forestry production factors market transaction platform, forest landresource circulation mechanism, forestry financing mechanism, collective forestrydevelopment the public financial system, the forest resources evaluation and mortgage loansystem, the forest resources management system, forestry socialization service system,forestry policies and regulations system, forestry risk guarantee system.更多还原